Adding upstream version 9.0.3.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel@debian.org>

18 files changed, 3512 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/models/git/TestIterateRepositoryIDsWithLFSMetaObjects/lfs_meta_object.yaml b/models/git/TestIterateRepositoryIDsWithLFSMetaObjects/lfs_meta_object.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fdfa66a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/TestIterateRepositoryIDsWithLFSMetaObjects/lfs_meta_object.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+-
+
+  id: 1000
+  oid: 9d172e5c64b4f0024b9901ec6afe9ea052f3c9b6ff9f4b07956d8c48c86fca82
+  size: 25
+  repository_id: 1
+  created_unix: 1712309123
diff --git a/models/git/branch.go b/models/git/branch.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f004d50
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/branch.go
@@ -0,0 +1,434 @@
+// Copyright 2016 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+// ErrBranchNotExist represents an error that branch with such name does not exist.
+type ErrBranchNotExist struct {
+	RepoID     int64
+	BranchName string
+}
+
+// IsErrBranchNotExist checks if an error is an ErrBranchDoesNotExist.
+func IsErrBranchNotExist(err error) bool {
+	_, ok := err.(ErrBranchNotExist)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (err ErrBranchNotExist) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("branch does not exist [repo_id: %d name: %s]", err.RepoID, err.BranchName)
+}
+
+func (err ErrBranchNotExist) Unwrap() error {
+	return util.ErrNotExist
+}
+
+// ErrBranchAlreadyExists represents an error that branch with such name already exists.
+type ErrBranchAlreadyExists struct {
+	BranchName string
+}
+
+// IsErrBranchAlreadyExists checks if an error is an ErrBranchAlreadyExists.
+func IsErrBranchAlreadyExists(err error) bool {
+	_, ok := err.(ErrBranchAlreadyExists)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (err ErrBranchAlreadyExists) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("branch already exists [name: %s]", err.BranchName)
+}
+
+func (err ErrBranchAlreadyExists) Unwrap() error {
+	return util.ErrAlreadyExist
+}
+
+// ErrBranchNameConflict represents an error that branch name conflicts with other branch.
+type ErrBranchNameConflict struct {
+	BranchName string
+}
+
+// IsErrBranchNameConflict checks if an error is an ErrBranchNameConflict.
+func IsErrBranchNameConflict(err error) bool {
+	_, ok := err.(ErrBranchNameConflict)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (err ErrBranchNameConflict) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("branch conflicts with existing branch [name: %s]", err.BranchName)
+}
+
+func (err ErrBranchNameConflict) Unwrap() error {
+	return util.ErrAlreadyExist
+}
+
+// ErrBranchesEqual represents an error that base branch is equal to the head branch.
+type ErrBranchesEqual struct {
+	BaseBranchName string
+	HeadBranchName string
+}
+
+// IsErrBranchesEqual checks if an error is an ErrBranchesEqual.
+func IsErrBranchesEqual(err error) bool {
+	_, ok := err.(ErrBranchesEqual)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (err ErrBranchesEqual) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("branches are equal [head: %sm base: %s]", err.HeadBranchName, err.BaseBranchName)
+}
+
+func (err ErrBranchesEqual) Unwrap() error {
+	return util.ErrInvalidArgument
+}
+
+// Branch represents a branch of a repository
+// For those repository who have many branches, stored into database is a good choice
+// for pagination, keyword search and filtering
+type Branch struct {
+	ID            int64
+	RepoID        int64  `xorm:"UNIQUE(s)"`
+	Name          string `xorm:"UNIQUE(s) NOT NULL"` // git's ref-name is case-sensitive internally, however, in some databases (mysql, by default), it's case-insensitive at the moment
+	CommitID      string
+	CommitMessage string `xorm:"TEXT"` // it only stores the message summary (the first line)
+	PusherID      int64
+	Pusher        *user_model.User `xorm:"-"`
+	IsDeleted     bool             `xorm:"index"`
+	DeletedByID   int64
+	DeletedBy     *user_model.User   `xorm:"-"`
+	DeletedUnix   timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"index"`
+	CommitTime    timeutil.TimeStamp // The commit
+	CreatedUnix   timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+	UpdatedUnix   timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
+}
+
+func (b *Branch) LoadDeletedBy(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	if b.DeletedBy == nil {
+		b.DeletedBy, err = user_model.GetUserByID(ctx, b.DeletedByID)
+		if user_model.IsErrUserNotExist(err) {
+			b.DeletedBy = user_model.NewGhostUser()
+			err = nil
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (b *Branch) GetRepo(ctx context.Context) (*repo_model.Repository, error) {
+	return repo_model.GetRepositoryByID(ctx, b.RepoID)
+}
+
+func (b *Branch) LoadPusher(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	if b.Pusher == nil && b.PusherID > 0 {
+		b.Pusher, err = user_model.GetUserByID(ctx, b.PusherID)
+		if user_model.IsErrUserNotExist(err) {
+			b.Pusher = user_model.NewGhostUser()
+			err = nil
+		}
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func init() {
+	db.RegisterModel(new(Branch))
+	db.RegisterModel(new(RenamedBranch))
+}
+
+func GetBranch(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, branchName string) (*Branch, error) {
+	var branch Branch
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id=?", repoID).And("name=?", branchName).Get(&branch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !has {
+		return nil, ErrBranchNotExist{
+			RepoID:     repoID,
+			BranchName: branchName,
+		}
+	}
+	return &branch, nil
+}
+
+func GetBranches(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, branchNames []string) ([]*Branch, error) {
+	branches := make([]*Branch, 0, len(branchNames))
+	return branches, db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id=?", repoID).In("name", branchNames).Find(&branches)
+}
+
+func AddBranches(ctx context.Context, branches []*Branch) error {
+	for _, branch := range branches {
+		if _, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Insert(branch); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func GetDeletedBranchByID(ctx context.Context, repoID, branchID int64) (*Branch, error) {
+	var branch Branch
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(branchID).Get(&branch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !has {
+		return nil, ErrBranchNotExist{
+			RepoID: repoID,
+		}
+	}
+	if branch.RepoID != repoID {
+		return nil, ErrBranchNotExist{
+			RepoID: repoID,
+		}
+	}
+	if !branch.IsDeleted {
+		return nil, ErrBranchNotExist{
+			RepoID: repoID,
+		}
+	}
+	return &branch, nil
+}
+
+func DeleteBranches(ctx context.Context, repoID, doerID int64, branchIDs []int64) error {
+	return db.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		branches := make([]*Branch, 0, len(branchIDs))
+		if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).In("id", branchIDs).Find(&branches); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, branch := range branches {
+			if err := AddDeletedBranch(ctx, repoID, branch.Name, doerID); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+}
+
+// UpdateBranch updates the branch information in the database.
+func UpdateBranch(ctx context.Context, repoID, pusherID int64, branchName string, commit *git.Commit) (int64, error) {
+	return db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id=? AND name=?", repoID, branchName).
+		Cols("commit_id, commit_message, pusher_id, commit_time, is_deleted, updated_unix").
+		Update(&Branch{
+			CommitID:      commit.ID.String(),
+			CommitMessage: commit.Summary(),
+			PusherID:      pusherID,
+			CommitTime:    timeutil.TimeStamp(commit.Committer.When.Unix()),
+			IsDeleted:     false,
+		})
+}
+
+// AddDeletedBranch adds a deleted branch to the database
+func AddDeletedBranch(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, branchName string, deletedByID int64) error {
+	branch, err := GetBranch(ctx, repoID, branchName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if branch.IsDeleted {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	cnt, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id=? AND name=? AND is_deleted=?", repoID, branchName, false).
+		Cols("is_deleted, deleted_by_id, deleted_unix").
+		Update(&Branch{
+			IsDeleted:   true,
+			DeletedByID: deletedByID,
+			DeletedUnix: timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
+		})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if cnt == 0 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("branch %s not found or has been deleted", branchName)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func RemoveDeletedBranchByID(ctx context.Context, repoID, branchID int64) error {
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id=? AND id=? AND is_deleted = ?", repoID, branchID, true).Delete(new(Branch))
+	return err
+}
+
+// RemoveOldDeletedBranches removes old deleted branches
+func RemoveOldDeletedBranches(ctx context.Context, olderThan time.Duration) {
+	// Nothing to do for shutdown or terminate
+	log.Trace("Doing: DeletedBranchesCleanup")
+
+	deleteBefore := time.Now().Add(-olderThan)
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("is_deleted=? AND deleted_unix < ?", true, deleteBefore.Unix()).Delete(new(Branch))
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("DeletedBranchesCleanup: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// RenamedBranch provide renamed branch log
+// will check it when a branch can't be found
+type RenamedBranch struct {
+	ID          int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	RepoID      int64 `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	From        string
+	To          string
+	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+}
+
+// FindRenamedBranch check if a branch was renamed
+func FindRenamedBranch(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, from string) (branch *RenamedBranch, exist bool, err error) {
+	branch = &RenamedBranch{
+		RepoID: repoID,
+		From:   from,
+	}
+	exist, err = db.GetEngine(ctx).Get(branch)
+
+	return branch, exist, err
+}
+
+// RenameBranch rename a branch
+func RenameBranch(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, from, to string, gitAction func(ctx context.Context, isDefault bool) error) (err error) {
+	ctx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer committer.Close()
+
+	sess := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+
+	// check whether from branch exist
+	var branch Branch
+	exist, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id=? AND name=?", repo.ID, from).Get(&branch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if !exist || branch.IsDeleted {
+		return ErrBranchNotExist{
+			RepoID:     repo.ID,
+			BranchName: from,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// check whether to branch exist or is_deleted
+	var dstBranch Branch
+	exist, err = db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id=? AND name=?", repo.ID, to).Get(&dstBranch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if exist {
+		if !dstBranch.IsDeleted {
+			return ErrBranchAlreadyExists{
+				BranchName: to,
+			}
+		}
+
+		if _, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(dstBranch.ID).NoAutoCondition().Delete(&dstBranch); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 1. update branch in database
+	if n, err := sess.Where("repo_id=? AND name=?", repo.ID, from).Update(&Branch{
+		Name: to,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if n <= 0 {
+		return ErrBranchNotExist{
+			RepoID:     repo.ID,
+			BranchName: from,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 2. update default branch if needed
+	isDefault := repo.DefaultBranch == from
+	if isDefault {
+		repo.DefaultBranch = to
+		_, err = sess.ID(repo.ID).Cols("default_branch").Update(repo)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 3. Update protected branch if needed
+	protectedBranch, err := GetProtectedBranchRuleByName(ctx, repo.ID, from)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if protectedBranch != nil {
+		// there is a protect rule for this branch
+		protectedBranch.RuleName = to
+		_, err = sess.ID(protectedBranch.ID).Cols("branch_name").Update(protectedBranch)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		// some glob protect rules may match this branch
+		protected, err := IsBranchProtected(ctx, repo.ID, from)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if protected {
+			return ErrBranchIsProtected
+		}
+	}
+
+	// 4. Update all not merged pull request base branch name
+	_, err = sess.Table("pull_request").Where("base_repo_id=? AND base_branch=? AND has_merged=?",
+		repo.ID, from, false).
+		Update(map[string]any{"base_branch": to})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// 4.1 Update all not merged pull request head branch name
+	if _, err = sess.Table("pull_request").Where("head_repo_id=? AND head_branch=? AND has_merged=?",
+		repo.ID, from, false).
+		Update(map[string]any{"head_branch": to}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// 5. insert renamed branch record
+	renamedBranch := &RenamedBranch{
+		RepoID: repo.ID,
+		From:   from,
+		To:     to,
+	}
+	err = db.Insert(ctx, renamedBranch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// 6. do git action
+	if err = gitAction(ctx, isDefault); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return committer.Commit()
+}
+
+// FindRecentlyPushedNewBranches return at most 2 new branches pushed by the user in 6 hours which has no opened PRs created
+// except the indicate branch
+func FindRecentlyPushedNewBranches(ctx context.Context, repoID, userID int64, excludeBranchName string) (BranchList, error) {
+	branches := make(BranchList, 0, 2)
+	subQuery := builder.Select("head_branch").From("pull_request").
+		InnerJoin("issue", "issue.id = pull_request.issue_id").
+		Where(builder.Eq{
+			"pull_request.head_repo_id": repoID,
+			"issue.is_closed":           false,
+		})
+	err := db.GetEngine(ctx).
+		Where("pusher_id=? AND is_deleted=?", userID, false).
+		And("name <> ?", excludeBranchName).
+		And("repo_id = ?", repoID).
+		And("commit_time >= ?", time.Now().Add(-time.Hour*6).Unix()).
+		NotIn("name", subQuery).
+		OrderBy("branch.commit_time DESC").
+		Limit(2).
+		Find(&branches)
+	return branches, err
+}
diff --git a/models/git/branch_list.go b/models/git/branch_list.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81a43ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/branch_list.go
@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
+
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+type BranchList []*Branch
+
+func (branches BranchList) LoadDeletedBy(ctx context.Context) error {
+	ids := container.FilterSlice(branches, func(branch *Branch) (int64, bool) {
+		return branch.DeletedByID, branch.IsDeleted
+	})
+
+	usersMap := make(map[int64]*user_model.User, len(ids))
+	if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).In("id", ids).Find(&usersMap); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, branch := range branches {
+		if !branch.IsDeleted {
+			continue
+		}
+		branch.DeletedBy = usersMap[branch.DeletedByID]
+		if branch.DeletedBy == nil {
+			branch.DeletedBy = user_model.NewGhostUser()
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (branches BranchList) LoadPusher(ctx context.Context) error {
+	ids := container.FilterSlice(branches, func(branch *Branch) (int64, bool) {
+		// pusher_id maybe zero because some branches are sync by backend with no pusher
+		return branch.PusherID, branch.PusherID > 0
+	})
+
+	usersMap := make(map[int64]*user_model.User, len(ids))
+	if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).In("id", ids).Find(&usersMap); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, branch := range branches {
+		if branch.PusherID <= 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+		branch.Pusher = usersMap[branch.PusherID]
+		if branch.Pusher == nil {
+			branch.Pusher = user_model.NewGhostUser()
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+type FindBranchOptions struct {
+	db.ListOptions
+	RepoID             int64
+	ExcludeBranchNames []string
+	IsDeletedBranch    optional.Option[bool]
+	OrderBy            string
+	Keyword            string
+}
+
+func (opts FindBranchOptions) ToConds() builder.Cond {
+	cond := builder.NewCond()
+	if opts.RepoID > 0 {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"repo_id": opts.RepoID})
+	}
+
+	if len(opts.ExcludeBranchNames) > 0 {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.NotIn("name", opts.ExcludeBranchNames))
+	}
+	if opts.IsDeletedBranch.Has() {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{"is_deleted": opts.IsDeletedBranch.Value()})
+	}
+	if opts.Keyword != "" {
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Like{"name", opts.Keyword})
+	}
+	return cond
+}
+
+func (opts FindBranchOptions) ToOrders() string {
+	orderBy := opts.OrderBy
+	if orderBy == "" {
+		// the commit_time might be the same, so add the "name" to make sure the order is stable
+		orderBy = "commit_time DESC, name ASC"
+	}
+	if opts.IsDeletedBranch.ValueOrDefault(true) { // if deleted branch included, put them at the beginning
+		orderBy = "is_deleted ASC, " + orderBy
+	}
+	return orderBy
+}
+
+func FindBranchNames(ctx context.Context, opts FindBranchOptions) ([]string, error) {
+	sess := db.GetEngine(ctx).Select("name").Where(opts.ToConds())
+	if opts.PageSize > 0 && !opts.IsListAll() {
+		sess = db.SetSessionPagination(sess, &opts.ListOptions)
+	}
+
+	var branches []string
+	if err := sess.Table("branch").OrderBy(opts.ToOrders()).Find(&branches); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return branches, nil
+}
+
+func FindBranchesByRepoAndBranchName(ctx context.Context, repoBranches map[int64]string) (map[int64]string, error) {
+	if len(repoBranches) == 0 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	cond := builder.NewCond()
+	for repoID, branchName := range repoBranches {
+		cond = cond.Or(builder.And(builder.Eq{"repo_id": repoID}, builder.Eq{"name": branchName}))
+	}
+	var branches []*Branch
+	if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).
+		Where(cond).Find(&branches); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	branchMap := make(map[int64]string, len(branches))
+	for _, branch := range branches {
+		branchMap[branch.RepoID] = branch.CommitID
+	}
+	return branchMap, nil
+}
diff --git a/models/git/branch_test.go b/models/git/branch_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..81839eb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/branch_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
+	issues_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/issues"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestAddDeletedBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	repo := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 1})
+	assert.EqualValues(t, git.Sha1ObjectFormat.Name(), repo.ObjectFormatName)
+	firstBranch := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &git_model.Branch{ID: 1})
+
+	assert.True(t, firstBranch.IsDeleted)
+	require.NoError(t, git_model.AddDeletedBranch(db.DefaultContext, repo.ID, firstBranch.Name, firstBranch.DeletedByID))
+	require.NoError(t, git_model.AddDeletedBranch(db.DefaultContext, repo.ID, "branch2", int64(1)))
+
+	secondBranch := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &git_model.Branch{RepoID: repo.ID, Name: "branch2"})
+	assert.True(t, secondBranch.IsDeleted)
+
+	commit := &git.Commit{
+		ID:            git.MustIDFromString(secondBranch.CommitID),
+		CommitMessage: secondBranch.CommitMessage,
+		Committer: &git.Signature{
+			When: secondBranch.CommitTime.AsLocalTime(),
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := git_model.UpdateBranch(db.DefaultContext, repo.ID, secondBranch.PusherID, secondBranch.Name, commit)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+}
+
+func TestGetDeletedBranches(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	repo := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 1})
+
+	branches, err := db.Find[git_model.Branch](db.DefaultContext, git_model.FindBranchOptions{
+		ListOptions:     db.ListOptionsAll,
+		RepoID:          repo.ID,
+		IsDeletedBranch: optional.Some(true),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Len(t, branches, 2)
+}
+
+func TestGetDeletedBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	firstBranch := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &git_model.Branch{ID: 1})
+
+	assert.NotNil(t, getDeletedBranch(t, firstBranch))
+}
+
+func TestDeletedBranchLoadUser(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	firstBranch := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &git_model.Branch{ID: 1})
+	secondBranch := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &git_model.Branch{ID: 2})
+
+	branch := getDeletedBranch(t, firstBranch)
+	assert.Nil(t, branch.DeletedBy)
+	branch.LoadDeletedBy(db.DefaultContext)
+	assert.NotNil(t, branch.DeletedBy)
+	assert.Equal(t, "user1", branch.DeletedBy.Name)
+
+	branch = getDeletedBranch(t, secondBranch)
+	assert.Nil(t, branch.DeletedBy)
+	branch.LoadDeletedBy(db.DefaultContext)
+	assert.NotNil(t, branch.DeletedBy)
+	assert.Equal(t, "Ghost", branch.DeletedBy.Name)
+}
+
+func TestRemoveDeletedBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	repo := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 1})
+
+	firstBranch := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &git_model.Branch{ID: 1})
+
+	err := git_model.RemoveDeletedBranchByID(db.DefaultContext, repo.ID, 1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	unittest.AssertNotExistsBean(t, firstBranch)
+	unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &git_model.Branch{ID: 2})
+}
+
+func getDeletedBranch(t *testing.T, branch *git_model.Branch) *git_model.Branch {
+	repo := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 1})
+
+	deletedBranch, err := git_model.GetDeletedBranchByID(db.DefaultContext, repo.ID, branch.ID)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, branch.ID, deletedBranch.ID)
+	assert.Equal(t, branch.Name, deletedBranch.Name)
+	assert.Equal(t, branch.CommitID, deletedBranch.CommitID)
+	assert.Equal(t, branch.DeletedByID, deletedBranch.DeletedByID)
+
+	return deletedBranch
+}
+
+func TestFindRenamedBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	branch, exist, err := git_model.FindRenamedBranch(db.DefaultContext, 1, "dev")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, exist)
+	assert.Equal(t, "master", branch.To)
+
+	_, exist, err = git_model.FindRenamedBranch(db.DefaultContext, 1, "unknow")
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, exist)
+}
+
+func TestRenameBranch(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+	repo1 := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 1})
+	_isDefault := false
+
+	ctx, committer, err := db.TxContext(db.DefaultContext)
+	defer committer.Close()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NoError(t, git_model.UpdateProtectBranch(ctx, repo1, &git_model.ProtectedBranch{
+		RepoID:   repo1.ID,
+		RuleName: "master",
+	}, git_model.WhitelistOptions{}))
+	require.NoError(t, committer.Commit())
+
+	require.NoError(t, git_model.RenameBranch(db.DefaultContext, repo1, "master", "main", func(ctx context.Context, isDefault bool) error {
+		_isDefault = isDefault
+		return nil
+	}))
+
+	assert.True(t, _isDefault)
+	repo1 = unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 1})
+	assert.Equal(t, "main", repo1.DefaultBranch)
+
+	pull := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &issues_model.PullRequest{ID: 1}) // merged
+	assert.Equal(t, "master", pull.BaseBranch)
+
+	pull = unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &issues_model.PullRequest{ID: 2}) // open
+	assert.Equal(t, "main", pull.BaseBranch)
+
+	renamedBranch := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &git_model.RenamedBranch{ID: 2})
+	assert.Equal(t, "master", renamedBranch.From)
+	assert.Equal(t, "main", renamedBranch.To)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(1), renamedBranch.RepoID)
+
+	unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &git_model.ProtectedBranch{
+		RepoID:   repo1.ID,
+		RuleName: "main",
+	})
+}
+
+func TestOnlyGetDeletedBranchOnCorrectRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	// Get deletedBranch with ID of 1 on repo with ID 2.
+	// This should return a nil branch as this deleted branch
+	// is actually on repo with ID 1.
+	repo2 := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 2})
+
+	deletedBranch, err := git_model.GetDeletedBranchByID(db.DefaultContext, repo2.ID, 1)
+
+	// Expect error, and the returned branch is nil.
+	require.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Nil(t, deletedBranch)
+
+	// Now get the deletedBranch with ID of 1 on repo with ID 1.
+	// This should return the deletedBranch.
+	repo1 := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 1})
+
+	deletedBranch, err = git_model.GetDeletedBranchByID(db.DefaultContext, repo1.ID, 1)
+
+	// Expect no error, and the returned branch to be not nil.
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotNil(t, deletedBranch)
+}
+
+func TestFindBranchesByRepoAndBranchName(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	// With no repos or branches given, we find no branches.
+	branches, err := git_model.FindBranchesByRepoAndBranchName(db.DefaultContext, map[int64]string{})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Empty(t, branches)
+}
diff --git a/models/git/commit_status.go b/models/git/commit_status.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..53d1ddc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/commit_status.go
@@ -0,0 +1,519 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Gitea. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/sha1"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	asymkey_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/asymkey"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/translation"
+
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+	"xorm.io/xorm"
+)
+
+// CommitStatus holds a single Status of a single Commit
+type CommitStatus struct {
+	ID          int64                  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	Index       int64                  `xorm:"INDEX UNIQUE(repo_sha_index)"`
+	RepoID      int64                  `xorm:"INDEX UNIQUE(repo_sha_index)"`
+	Repo        *repo_model.Repository `xorm:"-"`
+	State       api.CommitStatusState  `xorm:"VARCHAR(7) NOT NULL"`
+	SHA         string                 `xorm:"VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL INDEX UNIQUE(repo_sha_index)"`
+	TargetURL   string                 `xorm:"TEXT"`
+	Description string                 `xorm:"TEXT"`
+	ContextHash string                 `xorm:"VARCHAR(64) index"`
+	Context     string                 `xorm:"TEXT"`
+	Creator     *user_model.User       `xorm:"-"`
+	CreatorID   int64
+
+	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX created"`
+	UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
+}
+
+func init() {
+	db.RegisterModel(new(CommitStatus))
+	db.RegisterModel(new(CommitStatusIndex))
+}
+
+func postgresGetCommitStatusIndex(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, sha string) (int64, error) {
+	res, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Query("INSERT INTO `commit_status_index` (repo_id, sha, max_index) "+
+		"VALUES (?,?,1) ON CONFLICT (repo_id, sha) DO UPDATE SET max_index = `commit_status_index`.max_index+1 RETURNING max_index",
+		repoID, sha)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if len(res) == 0 {
+		return 0, db.ErrGetResourceIndexFailed
+	}
+	return strconv.ParseInt(string(res[0]["max_index"]), 10, 64)
+}
+
+func mysqlGetCommitStatusIndex(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, sha string) (int64, error) {
+	if _, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Exec("INSERT INTO `commit_status_index` (repo_id, sha, max_index) "+
+		"VALUES (?,?,1) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE max_index = max_index+1",
+		repoID, sha); err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	var idx int64
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).SQL("SELECT max_index FROM `commit_status_index` WHERE repo_id = ? AND sha = ?",
+		repoID, sha).Get(&idx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if idx == 0 {
+		return 0, errors.New("cannot get the correct index")
+	}
+	return idx, nil
+}
+
+// GetNextCommitStatusIndex retried 3 times to generate a resource index
+func GetNextCommitStatusIndex(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, sha string) (int64, error) {
+	_, err := git.NewIDFromString(sha)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, git.ErrInvalidSHA{SHA: sha}
+	}
+
+	switch {
+	case setting.Database.Type.IsPostgreSQL():
+		return postgresGetCommitStatusIndex(ctx, repoID, sha)
+	case setting.Database.Type.IsMySQL():
+		return mysqlGetCommitStatusIndex(ctx, repoID, sha)
+	}
+
+	e := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+
+	// try to update the max_index to next value, and acquire the write-lock for the record
+	res, err := e.Exec("UPDATE `commit_status_index` SET max_index=max_index+1 WHERE repo_id=? AND sha=?", repoID, sha)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("update failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	affected, err := res.RowsAffected()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	if affected == 0 {
+		// this slow path is only for the first time of creating a resource index
+		_, errIns := e.Exec("INSERT INTO `commit_status_index` (repo_id, sha, max_index) VALUES (?, ?, 0)", repoID, sha)
+		res, err = e.Exec("UPDATE `commit_status_index` SET max_index=max_index+1 WHERE repo_id=? AND sha=?", repoID, sha)
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("update2 failed: %w", err)
+		}
+		affected, err = res.RowsAffected()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("RowsAffected failed: %w", err)
+		}
+		// if the update still can not update any records, the record must not exist and there must be some errors (insert error)
+		if affected == 0 {
+			if errIns == nil {
+				return 0, errors.New("impossible error when GetNextCommitStatusIndex, insert and update both succeeded but no record is updated")
+			}
+			return 0, fmt.Errorf("insert failed: %w", errIns)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// now, the new index is in database (protected by the transaction and write-lock)
+	var newIdx int64
+	has, err := e.SQL("SELECT max_index FROM `commit_status_index` WHERE repo_id=? AND sha=?", repoID, sha).Get(&newIdx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("select failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if !has {
+		return 0, errors.New("impossible error when GetNextCommitStatusIndex, upsert succeeded but no record can be selected")
+	}
+	return newIdx, nil
+}
+
+func (status *CommitStatus) loadRepository(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	if status.Repo == nil {
+		status.Repo, err = repo_model.GetRepositoryByID(ctx, status.RepoID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("getRepositoryByID [%d]: %w", status.RepoID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (status *CommitStatus) loadCreator(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	if status.Creator == nil && status.CreatorID > 0 {
+		status.Creator, err = user_model.GetUserByID(ctx, status.CreatorID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("getUserByID [%d]: %w", status.CreatorID, err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (status *CommitStatus) loadAttributes(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	if err := status.loadRepository(ctx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return status.loadCreator(ctx)
+}
+
+// APIURL returns the absolute APIURL to this commit-status.
+func (status *CommitStatus) APIURL(ctx context.Context) string {
+	_ = status.loadAttributes(ctx)
+	return status.Repo.APIURL() + "/statuses/" + url.PathEscape(status.SHA)
+}
+
+// LocaleString returns the locale string name of the Status
+func (status *CommitStatus) LocaleString(lang translation.Locale) string {
+	return lang.TrString("repo.commitstatus." + status.State.String())
+}
+
+// HideActionsURL set `TargetURL` to an empty string if the status comes from Gitea Actions
+func (status *CommitStatus) HideActionsURL(ctx context.Context) {
+	if status.RepoID == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if status.Repo == nil {
+		if err := status.loadRepository(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Error("loadRepository: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
+	prefix := fmt.Sprintf("%s/actions", status.Repo.Link())
+	if strings.HasPrefix(status.TargetURL, prefix) {
+		status.TargetURL = ""
+	}
+}
+
+// CalcCommitStatus returns commit status state via some status, the commit statues should order by id desc
+func CalcCommitStatus(statuses []*CommitStatus) *CommitStatus {
+	if len(statuses) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	latestWorstStatus := statuses[0]
+	for _, status := range statuses[1:] {
+		if status.State.NoBetterThan(latestWorstStatus.State) {
+			latestWorstStatus = status
+		}
+	}
+	return latestWorstStatus
+}
+
+// CommitStatusOptions holds the options for query commit statuses
+type CommitStatusOptions struct {
+	db.ListOptions
+	RepoID   int64
+	SHA      string
+	State    string
+	SortType string
+}
+
+func (opts *CommitStatusOptions) ToConds() builder.Cond {
+	var cond builder.Cond = builder.Eq{
+		"repo_id": opts.RepoID,
+		"sha":     opts.SHA,
+	}
+
+	switch opts.State {
+	case "pending", "success", "error", "failure", "warning":
+		cond = cond.And(builder.Eq{
+			"state": opts.State,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return cond
+}
+
+func (opts *CommitStatusOptions) ToOrders() string {
+	switch opts.SortType {
+	case "oldest":
+		return "created_unix ASC"
+	case "recentupdate":
+		return "updated_unix DESC"
+	case "leastupdate":
+		return "updated_unix ASC"
+	case "leastindex":
+		return "`index` DESC"
+	case "highestindex":
+		return "`index` ASC"
+	default:
+		return "created_unix DESC"
+	}
+}
+
+// CommitStatusIndex represents a table for commit status index
+type CommitStatusIndex struct {
+	ID       int64
+	RepoID   int64  `xorm:"unique(repo_sha)"`
+	SHA      string `xorm:"unique(repo_sha)"`
+	MaxIndex int64  `xorm:"index"`
+}
+
+// GetLatestCommitStatus returns all statuses with a unique context for a given commit.
+func GetLatestCommitStatus(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, sha string, listOptions db.ListOptions) ([]*CommitStatus, int64, error) {
+	getBase := func() *xorm.Session {
+		return db.GetEngine(ctx).Table(&CommitStatus{}).
+			Where("repo_id = ?", repoID).And("sha = ?", sha)
+	}
+	indices := make([]int64, 0, 10)
+	sess := getBase().Select("max( `index` ) as `index`").
+		GroupBy("context_hash").OrderBy("max( `index` ) desc")
+	if !listOptions.IsListAll() {
+		sess = db.SetSessionPagination(sess, &listOptions)
+	}
+	count, err := sess.FindAndCount(&indices)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, count, err
+	}
+	statuses := make([]*CommitStatus, 0, len(indices))
+	if len(indices) == 0 {
+		return statuses, count, nil
+	}
+	return statuses, count, getBase().And(builder.In("`index`", indices)).Find(&statuses)
+}
+
+// GetLatestCommitStatusForPairs returns all statuses with a unique context for a given list of repo-sha pairs
+func GetLatestCommitStatusForPairs(ctx context.Context, repoSHAs []RepoSHA) (map[int64][]*CommitStatus, error) {
+	type result struct {
+		Index  int64
+		RepoID int64
+		SHA    string
+	}
+
+	results := make([]result, 0, len(repoSHAs))
+
+	getBase := func() *xorm.Session {
+		return db.GetEngine(ctx).Table(&CommitStatus{})
+	}
+
+	// Create a disjunction of conditions for each repoID and SHA pair
+	conds := make([]builder.Cond, 0, len(repoSHAs))
+	for _, repoSHA := range repoSHAs {
+		conds = append(conds, builder.Eq{"repo_id": repoSHA.RepoID, "sha": repoSHA.SHA})
+	}
+	sess := getBase().Where(builder.Or(conds...)).
+		Select("max( `index` ) as `index`, repo_id, sha").
+		GroupBy("context_hash, repo_id, sha").OrderBy("max( `index` ) desc")
+
+	err := sess.Find(&results)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	repoStatuses := make(map[int64][]*CommitStatus)
+
+	if len(results) > 0 {
+		statuses := make([]*CommitStatus, 0, len(results))
+
+		conds = make([]builder.Cond, 0, len(results))
+		for _, result := range results {
+			cond := builder.Eq{
+				"`index`": result.Index,
+				"repo_id": result.RepoID,
+				"sha":     result.SHA,
+			}
+			conds = append(conds, cond)
+		}
+		err = getBase().Where(builder.Or(conds...)).Find(&statuses)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// Group the statuses by repo ID
+		for _, status := range statuses {
+			repoStatuses[status.RepoID] = append(repoStatuses[status.RepoID], status)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return repoStatuses, nil
+}
+
+// GetLatestCommitStatusForRepoCommitIDs returns all statuses with a unique context for a given list of repo-sha pairs
+func GetLatestCommitStatusForRepoCommitIDs(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, commitIDs []string) (map[string][]*CommitStatus, error) {
+	type result struct {
+		Index int64
+		SHA   string
+	}
+
+	getBase := func() *xorm.Session {
+		return db.GetEngine(ctx).Table(&CommitStatus{}).Where("repo_id = ?", repoID)
+	}
+	results := make([]result, 0, len(commitIDs))
+
+	conds := make([]builder.Cond, 0, len(commitIDs))
+	for _, sha := range commitIDs {
+		conds = append(conds, builder.Eq{"sha": sha})
+	}
+	sess := getBase().And(builder.Or(conds...)).
+		Select("max( `index` ) as `index`, sha").
+		GroupBy("context_hash, sha").OrderBy("max( `index` ) desc")
+
+	err := sess.Find(&results)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	repoStatuses := make(map[string][]*CommitStatus)
+
+	if len(results) > 0 {
+		statuses := make([]*CommitStatus, 0, len(results))
+
+		conds = make([]builder.Cond, 0, len(results))
+		for _, result := range results {
+			conds = append(conds, builder.Eq{"`index`": result.Index, "sha": result.SHA})
+		}
+		err = getBase().And(builder.Or(conds...)).Find(&statuses)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// Group the statuses by commit
+		for _, status := range statuses {
+			repoStatuses[status.SHA] = append(repoStatuses[status.SHA], status)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return repoStatuses, nil
+}
+
+// FindRepoRecentCommitStatusContexts returns repository's recent commit status contexts
+func FindRepoRecentCommitStatusContexts(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, before time.Duration) ([]string, error) {
+	start := timeutil.TimeStampNow().AddDuration(-before)
+
+	var contexts []string
+	if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Table("commit_status").
+		Where("repo_id = ?", repoID).And("updated_unix >= ?", start).
+		Cols("context").Distinct().Find(&contexts); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return contexts, nil
+}
+
+// NewCommitStatusOptions holds options for creating a CommitStatus
+type NewCommitStatusOptions struct {
+	Repo         *repo_model.Repository
+	Creator      *user_model.User
+	SHA          git.ObjectID
+	CommitStatus *CommitStatus
+}
+
+// NewCommitStatus save commit statuses into database
+func NewCommitStatus(ctx context.Context, opts NewCommitStatusOptions) error {
+	if opts.Repo == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("NewCommitStatus[nil, %s]: no repository specified", opts.SHA)
+	}
+
+	repoPath := opts.Repo.RepoPath()
+	if opts.Creator == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("NewCommitStatus[%s, %s]: no user specified", repoPath, opts.SHA)
+	}
+
+	ctx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("NewCommitStatus[repo_id: %d, user_id: %d, sha: %s]: %w", opts.Repo.ID, opts.Creator.ID, opts.SHA, err)
+	}
+	defer committer.Close()
+
+	// Get the next Status Index
+	idx, err := GetNextCommitStatusIndex(ctx, opts.Repo.ID, opts.SHA.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("generate commit status index failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	opts.CommitStatus.Description = strings.TrimSpace(opts.CommitStatus.Description)
+	opts.CommitStatus.Context = strings.TrimSpace(opts.CommitStatus.Context)
+	opts.CommitStatus.TargetURL = strings.TrimSpace(opts.CommitStatus.TargetURL)
+	opts.CommitStatus.SHA = opts.SHA.String()
+	opts.CommitStatus.CreatorID = opts.Creator.ID
+	opts.CommitStatus.RepoID = opts.Repo.ID
+	opts.CommitStatus.Index = idx
+	log.Debug("NewCommitStatus[%s, %s]: %d", repoPath, opts.SHA, opts.CommitStatus.Index)
+
+	opts.CommitStatus.ContextHash = hashCommitStatusContext(opts.CommitStatus.Context)
+
+	// Insert new CommitStatus
+	if _, err = db.GetEngine(ctx).Insert(opts.CommitStatus); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("insert CommitStatus[%s, %s]: %w", repoPath, opts.SHA, err)
+	}
+
+	return committer.Commit()
+}
+
+// SignCommitWithStatuses represents a commit with validation of signature and status state.
+type SignCommitWithStatuses struct {
+	Status   *CommitStatus
+	Statuses []*CommitStatus
+	*asymkey_model.SignCommit
+}
+
+// ParseCommitsWithStatus checks commits latest statuses and calculates its worst status state
+func ParseCommitsWithStatus(ctx context.Context, oldCommits []*asymkey_model.SignCommit, repo *repo_model.Repository) []*SignCommitWithStatuses {
+	newCommits := make([]*SignCommitWithStatuses, 0, len(oldCommits))
+
+	for _, c := range oldCommits {
+		commit := &SignCommitWithStatuses{
+			SignCommit: c,
+		}
+		statuses, _, err := GetLatestCommitStatus(ctx, repo.ID, commit.ID.String(), db.ListOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("GetLatestCommitStatus: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			commit.Statuses = statuses
+			commit.Status = CalcCommitStatus(statuses)
+		}
+
+		newCommits = append(newCommits, commit)
+	}
+	return newCommits
+}
+
+// hashCommitStatusContext hash context
+func hashCommitStatusContext(context string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%x", sha1.Sum([]byte(context)))
+}
+
+// ConvertFromGitCommit converts git commits into SignCommitWithStatuses
+func ConvertFromGitCommit(ctx context.Context, commits []*git.Commit, repo *repo_model.Repository) []*SignCommitWithStatuses {
+	return ParseCommitsWithStatus(ctx,
+		asymkey_model.ParseCommitsWithSignature(
+			ctx,
+			user_model.ValidateCommitsWithEmails(ctx, commits),
+			repo.GetTrustModel(),
+			func(user *user_model.User) (bool, error) {
+				return repo_model.IsOwnerMemberCollaborator(ctx, repo, user.ID)
+			},
+		),
+		repo,
+	)
+}
+
+// CommitStatusesHideActionsURL hide Gitea Actions urls
+func CommitStatusesHideActionsURL(ctx context.Context, statuses []*CommitStatus) {
+	idToRepos := make(map[int64]*repo_model.Repository)
+	for _, status := range statuses {
+		if status == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if status.Repo == nil {
+			status.Repo = idToRepos[status.RepoID]
+		}
+		status.HideActionsURL(ctx)
+		idToRepos[status.RepoID] = status.Repo
+	}
+}
diff --git a/models/git/commit_status_summary.go b/models/git/commit_status_summary.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7603e7a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/commit_status_summary.go
@@ -0,0 +1,88 @@
+// Copyright 2024 Gitea. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+// CommitStatusSummary holds the latest commit Status of a single Commit
+type CommitStatusSummary struct {
+	ID        int64                 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	RepoID    int64                 `xorm:"INDEX UNIQUE(repo_id_sha)"`
+	SHA       string                `xorm:"VARCHAR(64) NOT NULL INDEX UNIQUE(repo_id_sha)"`
+	State     api.CommitStatusState `xorm:"VARCHAR(7) NOT NULL"`
+	TargetURL string                `xorm:"TEXT"`
+}
+
+func init() {
+	db.RegisterModel(new(CommitStatusSummary))
+}
+
+type RepoSHA struct {
+	RepoID int64
+	SHA    string
+}
+
+func GetLatestCommitStatusForRepoAndSHAs(ctx context.Context, repoSHAs []RepoSHA) ([]*CommitStatus, error) {
+	cond := builder.NewCond()
+	for _, rs := range repoSHAs {
+		cond = cond.Or(builder.Eq{"repo_id": rs.RepoID, "sha": rs.SHA})
+	}
+
+	var summaries []CommitStatusSummary
+	if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(cond).Find(&summaries); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	commitStatuses := make([]*CommitStatus, 0, len(repoSHAs))
+	for _, summary := range summaries {
+		commitStatuses = append(commitStatuses, &CommitStatus{
+			RepoID:    summary.RepoID,
+			SHA:       summary.SHA,
+			State:     summary.State,
+			TargetURL: summary.TargetURL,
+		})
+	}
+	return commitStatuses, nil
+}
+
+func UpdateCommitStatusSummary(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, sha string) error {
+	commitStatuses, _, err := GetLatestCommitStatus(ctx, repoID, sha, db.ListOptionsAll)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	state := CalcCommitStatus(commitStatuses)
+	// mysql will return 0 when update a record which state hasn't been changed which behaviour is different from other database,
+	// so we need to use insert in on duplicate
+	if setting.Database.Type.IsMySQL() {
+		_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Exec("INSERT INTO commit_status_summary (repo_id,sha,state,target_url) VALUES (?,?,?,?) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE state=?",
+			repoID, sha, state.State, state.TargetURL, state.State)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if cnt, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id=? AND sha=?", repoID, sha).
+		Cols("state, target_url").
+		Update(&CommitStatusSummary{
+			State:     state.State,
+			TargetURL: state.TargetURL,
+		}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if cnt == 0 {
+		_, err = db.GetEngine(ctx).Insert(&CommitStatusSummary{
+			RepoID:    repoID,
+			SHA:       sha,
+			State:     state.State,
+			TargetURL: state.TargetURL,
+		})
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/models/git/commit_status_test.go b/models/git/commit_status_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1014ee1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/commit_status_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,267 @@
+// Copyright 2017 Gitea. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git_test
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/gitrepo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestGetCommitStatuses(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	repo1 := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 1})
+
+	sha1 := "1234123412341234123412341234123412341234"
+
+	statuses, maxResults, err := db.FindAndCount[git_model.CommitStatus](db.DefaultContext, &git_model.CommitStatusOptions{
+		ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 1, PageSize: 50},
+		RepoID:      repo1.ID,
+		SHA:         sha1,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, int(maxResults))
+	assert.Len(t, statuses, 5)
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "ci/awesomeness", statuses[0].Context)
+	assert.Equal(t, structs.CommitStatusPending, statuses[0].State)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://try.gitea.io/api/v1/repos/user2/repo1/statuses/1234123412341234123412341234123412341234", statuses[0].APIURL(db.DefaultContext))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "cov/awesomeness", statuses[1].Context)
+	assert.Equal(t, structs.CommitStatusWarning, statuses[1].State)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://try.gitea.io/api/v1/repos/user2/repo1/statuses/1234123412341234123412341234123412341234", statuses[1].APIURL(db.DefaultContext))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "cov/awesomeness", statuses[2].Context)
+	assert.Equal(t, structs.CommitStatusSuccess, statuses[2].State)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://try.gitea.io/api/v1/repos/user2/repo1/statuses/1234123412341234123412341234123412341234", statuses[2].APIURL(db.DefaultContext))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "ci/awesomeness", statuses[3].Context)
+	assert.Equal(t, structs.CommitStatusFailure, statuses[3].State)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://try.gitea.io/api/v1/repos/user2/repo1/statuses/1234123412341234123412341234123412341234", statuses[3].APIURL(db.DefaultContext))
+
+	assert.Equal(t, "deploy/awesomeness", statuses[4].Context)
+	assert.Equal(t, structs.CommitStatusError, statuses[4].State)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://try.gitea.io/api/v1/repos/user2/repo1/statuses/1234123412341234123412341234123412341234", statuses[4].APIURL(db.DefaultContext))
+
+	statuses, maxResults, err = db.FindAndCount[git_model.CommitStatus](db.DefaultContext, &git_model.CommitStatusOptions{
+		ListOptions: db.ListOptions{Page: 2, PageSize: 50},
+		RepoID:      repo1.ID,
+		SHA:         sha1,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, 5, int(maxResults))
+	assert.Empty(t, statuses)
+}
+
+func Test_CalcCommitStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	kases := []struct {
+		statuses []*git_model.CommitStatus
+		expected *git_model.CommitStatus
+	}{
+		{
+			statuses: []*git_model.CommitStatus{
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusPending,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: &git_model.CommitStatus{
+				State: structs.CommitStatusPending,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			statuses: []*git_model.CommitStatus{
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusPending,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: &git_model.CommitStatus{
+				State: structs.CommitStatusPending,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			statuses: []*git_model.CommitStatus{
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusPending,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: &git_model.CommitStatus{
+				State: structs.CommitStatusPending,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			statuses: []*git_model.CommitStatus{
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusError,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusPending,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: &git_model.CommitStatus{
+				State: structs.CommitStatusError,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			statuses: []*git_model.CommitStatus{
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusWarning,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusPending,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: &git_model.CommitStatus{
+				State: structs.CommitStatusWarning,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			statuses: []*git_model.CommitStatus{
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+					ID:    1,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+					ID:    2,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+					ID:    3,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: &git_model.CommitStatus{
+				State: structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+				ID:    3,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			statuses: []*git_model.CommitStatus{
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusFailure,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusError,
+				},
+				{
+					State: structs.CommitStatusWarning,
+				},
+			},
+			expected: &git_model.CommitStatus{
+				State: structs.CommitStatusError,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			statuses: []*git_model.CommitStatus{},
+			expected: nil,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, kase := range kases {
+		assert.Equal(t, kase.expected, git_model.CalcCommitStatus(kase.statuses))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindRepoRecentCommitStatusContexts(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	repo2 := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 2})
+	user2 := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &user_model.User{ID: 2})
+	gitRepo, err := gitrepo.OpenRepository(git.DefaultContext, repo2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer gitRepo.Close()
+
+	commit, err := gitRepo.GetBranchCommit(repo2.DefaultBranch)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	defer func() {
+		_, err := db.DeleteByBean(db.DefaultContext, &git_model.CommitStatus{
+			RepoID:    repo2.ID,
+			CreatorID: user2.ID,
+			SHA:       commit.ID.String(),
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+	}()
+
+	err = git_model.NewCommitStatus(db.DefaultContext, git_model.NewCommitStatusOptions{
+		Repo:    repo2,
+		Creator: user2,
+		SHA:     commit.ID,
+		CommitStatus: &git_model.CommitStatus{
+			State:     structs.CommitStatusFailure,
+			TargetURL: "https://example.com/tests/",
+			Context:   "compliance/lint-backend",
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = git_model.NewCommitStatus(db.DefaultContext, git_model.NewCommitStatusOptions{
+		Repo:    repo2,
+		Creator: user2,
+		SHA:     commit.ID,
+		CommitStatus: &git_model.CommitStatus{
+			State:     structs.CommitStatusSuccess,
+			TargetURL: "https://example.com/tests/",
+			Context:   "compliance/lint-backend",
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	contexts, err := git_model.FindRepoRecentCommitStatusContexts(db.DefaultContext, repo2.ID, time.Hour)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	if assert.Len(t, contexts, 1) {
+		assert.Equal(t, "compliance/lint-backend", contexts[0])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCommitStatusesHideActionsURL(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	repo := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &repo_model.Repository{ID: 4})
+	run := unittest.AssertExistsAndLoadBean(t, &actions_model.ActionRun{ID: 791, RepoID: repo.ID})
+	require.NoError(t, run.LoadAttributes(db.DefaultContext))
+
+	statuses := []*git_model.CommitStatus{
+		{
+			RepoID:    repo.ID,
+			TargetURL: fmt.Sprintf("%s/jobs/%d", run.Link(), run.Index),
+		},
+		{
+			RepoID:    repo.ID,
+			TargetURL: "https://mycicd.org/1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	git_model.CommitStatusesHideActionsURL(db.DefaultContext, statuses)
+	assert.Empty(t, statuses[0].TargetURL)
+	assert.Equal(t, "https://mycicd.org/1", statuses[1].TargetURL)
+}
diff --git a/models/git/lfs.go b/models/git/lfs.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..44b741c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/lfs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/lfs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+// ErrLFSLockNotExist represents a "LFSLockNotExist" kind of error.
+type ErrLFSLockNotExist struct {
+	ID     int64
+	RepoID int64
+	Path   string
+}
+
+// IsErrLFSLockNotExist checks if an error is a ErrLFSLockNotExist.
+func IsErrLFSLockNotExist(err error) bool {
+	_, ok := err.(ErrLFSLockNotExist)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (err ErrLFSLockNotExist) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("lfs lock does not exist [id: %d, rid: %d, path: %s]", err.ID, err.RepoID, err.Path)
+}
+
+func (err ErrLFSLockNotExist) Unwrap() error {
+	return util.ErrNotExist
+}
+
+// ErrLFSUnauthorizedAction represents a "LFSUnauthorizedAction" kind of error.
+type ErrLFSUnauthorizedAction struct {
+	RepoID   int64
+	UserName string
+	Mode     perm.AccessMode
+}
+
+// IsErrLFSUnauthorizedAction checks if an error is a ErrLFSUnauthorizedAction.
+func IsErrLFSUnauthorizedAction(err error) bool {
+	_, ok := err.(ErrLFSUnauthorizedAction)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (err ErrLFSUnauthorizedAction) Error() string {
+	if err.Mode == perm.AccessModeWrite {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("User %s doesn't have write access for lfs lock [rid: %d]", err.UserName, err.RepoID)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("User %s doesn't have read access for lfs lock [rid: %d]", err.UserName, err.RepoID)
+}
+
+func (err ErrLFSUnauthorizedAction) Unwrap() error {
+	return util.ErrPermissionDenied
+}
+
+// ErrLFSLockAlreadyExist represents a "LFSLockAlreadyExist" kind of error.
+type ErrLFSLockAlreadyExist struct {
+	RepoID int64
+	Path   string
+}
+
+// IsErrLFSLockAlreadyExist checks if an error is a ErrLFSLockAlreadyExist.
+func IsErrLFSLockAlreadyExist(err error) bool {
+	_, ok := err.(ErrLFSLockAlreadyExist)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (err ErrLFSLockAlreadyExist) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("lfs lock already exists [rid: %d, path: %s]", err.RepoID, err.Path)
+}
+
+func (err ErrLFSLockAlreadyExist) Unwrap() error {
+	return util.ErrAlreadyExist
+}
+
+// ErrLFSFileLocked represents a "LFSFileLocked" kind of error.
+type ErrLFSFileLocked struct {
+	RepoID   int64
+	Path     string
+	UserName string
+}
+
+// IsErrLFSFileLocked checks if an error is a ErrLFSFileLocked.
+func IsErrLFSFileLocked(err error) bool {
+	_, ok := err.(ErrLFSFileLocked)
+	return ok
+}
+
+func (err ErrLFSFileLocked) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("File is lfs locked [repo: %d, locked by: %s, path: %s]", err.RepoID, err.UserName, err.Path)
+}
+
+func (err ErrLFSFileLocked) Unwrap() error {
+	return util.ErrPermissionDenied
+}
+
+// LFSMetaObject stores metadata for LFS tracked files.
+type LFSMetaObject struct {
+	ID           int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	lfs.Pointer  `xorm:"extends"`
+	RepositoryID int64              `xorm:"UNIQUE(s) INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	Existing     bool               `xorm:"-"`
+	CreatedUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+	UpdatedUnix  timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"INDEX updated"`
+}
+
+func init() {
+	db.RegisterModel(new(LFSMetaObject))
+}
+
+// LFSTokenResponse defines the JSON structure in which the JWT token is stored.
+// This structure is fetched via SSH and passed by the Git LFS client to the server
+// endpoint for authorization.
+type LFSTokenResponse struct {
+	Header map[string]string `json:"header"`
+	Href   string            `json:"href"`
+}
+
+// ErrLFSObjectNotExist is returned from lfs models functions in order
+// to differentiate between database and missing object errors.
+var ErrLFSObjectNotExist = db.ErrNotExist{Resource: "LFS Meta object"}
+
+// NewLFSMetaObject stores a given populated LFSMetaObject structure in the database
+// if it is not already present.
+func NewLFSMetaObject(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, p lfs.Pointer) (*LFSMetaObject, error) {
+	var err error
+
+	ctx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer committer.Close()
+
+	m, exist, err := db.Get[LFSMetaObject](ctx, builder.Eq{"repository_id": repoID, "oid": p.Oid})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if exist {
+		m.Existing = true
+		return m, committer.Commit()
+	}
+
+	m = &LFSMetaObject{Pointer: p, RepositoryID: repoID}
+	if err = db.Insert(ctx, m); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return m, committer.Commit()
+}
+
+// GetLFSMetaObjectByOid selects a LFSMetaObject entry from database by its OID.
+// It may return ErrLFSObjectNotExist or a database error. If the error is nil,
+// the returned pointer is a valid LFSMetaObject.
+func GetLFSMetaObjectByOid(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, oid string) (*LFSMetaObject, error) {
+	if len(oid) == 0 {
+		return nil, ErrLFSObjectNotExist
+	}
+
+	m := &LFSMetaObject{Pointer: lfs.Pointer{Oid: oid}, RepositoryID: repoID}
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Get(m)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !has {
+		return nil, ErrLFSObjectNotExist
+	}
+	return m, nil
+}
+
+// RemoveLFSMetaObjectByOid removes a LFSMetaObject entry from database by its OID.
+// It may return ErrLFSObjectNotExist or a database error.
+func RemoveLFSMetaObjectByOid(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, oid string) (int64, error) {
+	return RemoveLFSMetaObjectByOidFn(ctx, repoID, oid, nil)
+}
+
+// RemoveLFSMetaObjectByOidFn removes a LFSMetaObject entry from database by its OID.
+// It may return ErrLFSObjectNotExist or a database error. It will run Fn with the current count within the transaction
+func RemoveLFSMetaObjectByOidFn(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, oid string, fn func(count int64) error) (int64, error) {
+	if len(oid) == 0 {
+		return 0, ErrLFSObjectNotExist
+	}
+
+	ctx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	defer committer.Close()
+
+	m := &LFSMetaObject{Pointer: lfs.Pointer{Oid: oid}, RepositoryID: repoID}
+	if _, err := db.DeleteByBean(ctx, m); err != nil {
+		return -1, err
+	}
+
+	count, err := db.CountByBean(ctx, &LFSMetaObject{Pointer: lfs.Pointer{Oid: oid}})
+	if err != nil {
+		return count, err
+	}
+
+	if fn != nil {
+		if err := fn(count); err != nil {
+			return count, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return count, committer.Commit()
+}
+
+// GetLFSMetaObjects returns all LFSMetaObjects associated with a repository
+func GetLFSMetaObjects(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, page, pageSize int) ([]*LFSMetaObject, error) {
+	sess := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+
+	if page >= 0 && pageSize > 0 {
+		start := 0
+		if page > 0 {
+			start = (page - 1) * pageSize
+		}
+		sess.Limit(pageSize, start)
+	}
+	lfsObjects := make([]*LFSMetaObject, 0, pageSize)
+	return lfsObjects, sess.Find(&lfsObjects, &LFSMetaObject{RepositoryID: repoID})
+}
+
+// CountLFSMetaObjects returns a count of all LFSMetaObjects associated with a repository
+func CountLFSMetaObjects(ctx context.Context, repoID int64) (int64, error) {
+	return db.GetEngine(ctx).Count(&LFSMetaObject{RepositoryID: repoID})
+}
+
+// LFSObjectAccessible checks if a provided Oid is accessible to the user
+func LFSObjectAccessible(ctx context.Context, user *user_model.User, oid string) (bool, error) {
+	if user.IsAdmin {
+		count, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Count(&LFSMetaObject{Pointer: lfs.Pointer{Oid: oid}})
+		return count > 0, err
+	}
+	cond := repo_model.AccessibleRepositoryCondition(user, unit.TypeInvalid)
+	count, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where(cond).Join("INNER", "repository", "`lfs_meta_object`.repository_id = `repository`.id").Count(&LFSMetaObject{Pointer: lfs.Pointer{Oid: oid}})
+	return count > 0, err
+}
+
+// ExistsLFSObject checks if a provided Oid exists within the DB
+func ExistsLFSObject(ctx context.Context, oid string) (bool, error) {
+	return db.GetEngine(ctx).Exist(&LFSMetaObject{Pointer: lfs.Pointer{Oid: oid}})
+}
+
+// LFSAutoAssociate auto associates accessible LFSMetaObjects
+func LFSAutoAssociate(ctx context.Context, metas []*LFSMetaObject, user *user_model.User, repoID int64) error {
+	ctx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer committer.Close()
+
+	sess := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+
+	oids := make([]any, len(metas))
+	oidMap := make(map[string]*LFSMetaObject, len(metas))
+	for i, meta := range metas {
+		oids[i] = meta.Oid
+		oidMap[meta.Oid] = meta
+	}
+
+	if !user.IsAdmin {
+		newMetas := make([]*LFSMetaObject, 0, len(metas))
+		cond := builder.In(
+			"`lfs_meta_object`.repository_id",
+			builder.Select("`repository`.id").From("repository").Where(repo_model.AccessibleRepositoryCondition(user, unit.TypeInvalid)),
+		)
+		err = sess.Cols("oid").Where(cond).In("oid", oids...).GroupBy("oid").Find(&newMetas)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(newMetas) != len(oidMap) {
+			return fmt.Errorf("unable collect all LFS objects from database, expected %d, actually %d", len(oidMap), len(newMetas))
+		}
+		for i := range newMetas {
+			newMetas[i].Size = oidMap[newMetas[i].Oid].Size
+			newMetas[i].RepositoryID = repoID
+		}
+		if err = db.Insert(ctx, newMetas); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	} else {
+		// admin can associate any LFS object to any repository, and we do not care about errors (eg: duplicated unique key),
+		// even if error occurs, it won't hurt users and won't make things worse
+		for i := range metas {
+			p := lfs.Pointer{Oid: metas[i].Oid, Size: metas[i].Size}
+			_, err = sess.Insert(&LFSMetaObject{
+				Pointer:      p,
+				RepositoryID: repoID,
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Warn("failed to insert LFS meta object %-v for repo_id: %d into database, err=%v", p, repoID, err)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return committer.Commit()
+}
+
+// CopyLFS copies LFS data from one repo to another
+func CopyLFS(ctx context.Context, newRepo, oldRepo *repo_model.Repository) error {
+	var lfsObjects []*LFSMetaObject
+	if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repository_id=?", oldRepo.ID).Find(&lfsObjects); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range lfsObjects {
+		v.ID = 0
+		v.RepositoryID = newRepo.ID
+		if err := db.Insert(ctx, v); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetRepoLFSSize return a repository's lfs files size
+func GetRepoLFSSize(ctx context.Context, repoID int64) (int64, error) {
+	lfsSize, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repository_id = ?", repoID).SumInt(new(LFSMetaObject), "size")
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("updateSize: GetLFSMetaObjects: %w", err)
+	}
+	return lfsSize, nil
+}
+
+// IterateRepositoryIDsWithLFSMetaObjects iterates across the repositories that have LFSMetaObjects
+func IterateRepositoryIDsWithLFSMetaObjects(ctx context.Context, f func(ctx context.Context, repoID, count int64) error) error {
+	batchSize := setting.Database.IterateBufferSize
+	sess := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+	var start int
+	type RepositoryCount struct {
+		RepositoryID int64
+		Count        int64
+	}
+	for {
+		counts := make([]*RepositoryCount, 0, batchSize)
+		if err := sess.Select("repository_id, COUNT(id) AS count").
+			Table("lfs_meta_object").
+			GroupBy("repository_id").
+			OrderBy("repository_id ASC").Limit(batchSize, start).Find(&counts); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(counts) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+		start += len(counts)
+
+		for _, count := range counts {
+			if err := f(ctx, count.RepositoryID, count.Count); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepoOptions provides options for IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepo
+type IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepoOptions struct {
+	OlderThan               timeutil.TimeStamp
+	UpdatedLessRecentlyThan timeutil.TimeStamp
+}
+
+// IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepo provides a iterator for LFSMetaObjects per Repo
+func IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepo(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, f func(context.Context, *LFSMetaObject) error, opts *IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepoOptions) error {
+	batchSize := setting.Database.IterateBufferSize
+	engine := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+	id := int64(0)
+
+	for {
+		beans := make([]*LFSMetaObject, 0, batchSize)
+		sess := engine.Table("lfs_meta_object").Select("`lfs_meta_object`.*").
+			Join("INNER", "`lfs_meta_object` AS l1", "`lfs_meta_object`.oid = `l1`.oid").
+			Where("`lfs_meta_object`.repository_id = ?", repoID)
+		if !opts.OlderThan.IsZero() {
+			sess.And("`lfs_meta_object`.created_unix < ?", opts.OlderThan)
+		}
+		if !opts.UpdatedLessRecentlyThan.IsZero() {
+			sess.And("`lfs_meta_object`.updated_unix < ?", opts.UpdatedLessRecentlyThan)
+		}
+		sess.GroupBy("`lfs_meta_object`.id").
+			And("`lfs_meta_object`.id > ?", id).
+			OrderBy("`lfs_meta_object`.id ASC")
+
+		if err := sess.Limit(batchSize, 0).Find(&beans); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(beans) == 0 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		for _, bean := range beans {
+			if err := f(ctx, bean); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		id = beans[len(beans)-1].ID
+	}
+}
+
+// MarkLFSMetaObject updates the updated time for the provided LFSMetaObject
+func MarkLFSMetaObject(ctx context.Context, id int64) error {
+	obj := &LFSMetaObject{
+		UpdatedUnix: timeutil.TimeStampNow(),
+	}
+	count, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(id).Update(obj)
+	if count != 1 {
+		log.Error("Unexpectedly updated %d LFSMetaObjects with ID: %d", count, id)
+	}
+	return err
+}
diff --git a/models/git/lfs_lock.go b/models/git/lfs_lock.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..07ce7d4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/lfs_lock.go
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+// Copyright 2017 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm"
+	access_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm/access"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+)
+
+// LFSLock represents a git lfs lock of repository.
+type LFSLock struct {
+	ID      int64            `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	RepoID  int64            `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	OwnerID int64            `xorm:"INDEX NOT NULL"`
+	Owner   *user_model.User `xorm:"-"`
+	Path    string           `xorm:"TEXT"`
+	Created time.Time        `xorm:"created"`
+}
+
+func init() {
+	db.RegisterModel(new(LFSLock))
+}
+
+// BeforeInsert is invoked from XORM before inserting an object of this type.
+func (l *LFSLock) BeforeInsert() {
+	l.Path = util.PathJoinRel(l.Path)
+}
+
+// LoadAttributes loads attributes of the lock.
+func (l *LFSLock) LoadAttributes(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Load owner
+	if err := l.LoadOwner(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load owner: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// LoadOwner loads owner of the lock.
+func (l *LFSLock) LoadOwner(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if l.Owner != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	owner, err := user_model.GetUserByID(ctx, l.OwnerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		if user_model.IsErrUserNotExist(err) {
+			l.Owner = user_model.NewGhostUser()
+			return nil
+		}
+		return err
+	}
+	l.Owner = owner
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateLFSLock creates a new lock.
+func CreateLFSLock(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, lock *LFSLock) (*LFSLock, error) {
+	dbCtx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer committer.Close()
+
+	if err := CheckLFSAccessForRepo(dbCtx, lock.OwnerID, repo, perm.AccessModeWrite); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	lock.Path = util.PathJoinRel(lock.Path)
+	lock.RepoID = repo.ID
+
+	l, err := GetLFSLock(dbCtx, repo, lock.Path)
+	if err == nil {
+		return l, ErrLFSLockAlreadyExist{lock.RepoID, lock.Path}
+	}
+	if !IsErrLFSLockNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := db.Insert(dbCtx, lock); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return lock, committer.Commit()
+}
+
+// GetLFSLock returns release by given path.
+func GetLFSLock(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, path string) (*LFSLock, error) {
+	path = util.PathJoinRel(path)
+	rel := &LFSLock{RepoID: repo.ID}
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("lower(path) = ?", strings.ToLower(path)).Get(rel)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !has {
+		return nil, ErrLFSLockNotExist{0, repo.ID, path}
+	}
+	return rel, nil
+}
+
+// GetLFSLockByID returns release by given id.
+func GetLFSLockByID(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*LFSLock, error) {
+	lock := new(LFSLock)
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(id).Get(lock)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !has {
+		return nil, ErrLFSLockNotExist{id, 0, ""}
+	}
+	return lock, nil
+}
+
+// GetLFSLockByRepoID returns a list of locks of repository.
+func GetLFSLockByRepoID(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, page, pageSize int) (LFSLockList, error) {
+	e := db.GetEngine(ctx)
+	if page >= 0 && pageSize > 0 {
+		start := 0
+		if page > 0 {
+			start = (page - 1) * pageSize
+		}
+		e.Limit(pageSize, start)
+	}
+	lfsLocks := make(LFSLockList, 0, pageSize)
+	return lfsLocks, e.Find(&lfsLocks, &LFSLock{RepoID: repoID})
+}
+
+// GetTreePathLock returns LSF lock for the treePath
+func GetTreePathLock(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, treePath string) (*LFSLock, error) {
+	if !setting.LFS.StartServer {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	locks, err := GetLFSLockByRepoID(ctx, repoID, 0, 0)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	for _, lock := range locks {
+		if lock.Path == treePath {
+			return lock, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, nil
+}
+
+// CountLFSLockByRepoID returns a count of all LFSLocks associated with a repository.
+func CountLFSLockByRepoID(ctx context.Context, repoID int64) (int64, error) {
+	return db.GetEngine(ctx).Count(&LFSLock{RepoID: repoID})
+}
+
+// DeleteLFSLockByID deletes a lock by given ID.
+func DeleteLFSLockByID(ctx context.Context, id int64, repo *repo_model.Repository, u *user_model.User, force bool) (*LFSLock, error) {
+	dbCtx, committer, err := db.TxContext(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer committer.Close()
+
+	lock, err := GetLFSLockByID(dbCtx, id)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := CheckLFSAccessForRepo(dbCtx, u.ID, repo, perm.AccessModeWrite); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if !force && u.ID != lock.OwnerID {
+		return nil, errors.New("user doesn't own lock and force flag is not set")
+	}
+
+	if _, err := db.GetEngine(dbCtx).ID(id).Delete(new(LFSLock)); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return lock, committer.Commit()
+}
+
+// CheckLFSAccessForRepo check needed access mode base on action
+func CheckLFSAccessForRepo(ctx context.Context, ownerID int64, repo *repo_model.Repository, mode perm.AccessMode) error {
+	if ownerID == 0 {
+		return ErrLFSUnauthorizedAction{repo.ID, "undefined", mode}
+	}
+	u, err := user_model.GetUserByID(ctx, ownerID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	perm, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, repo, u)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !perm.CanAccess(mode, unit.TypeCode) {
+		return ErrLFSUnauthorizedAction{repo.ID, u.DisplayName(), mode}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/models/git/lfs_lock_list.go b/models/git/lfs_lock_list.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..cab1e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/lfs_lock_list.go
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
+)
+
+// LFSLockList is a list of LFSLock
+type LFSLockList []*LFSLock
+
+// LoadAttributes loads the attributes for the given locks
+func (locks LFSLockList) LoadAttributes(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if len(locks) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if err := locks.LoadOwner(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load owner: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// LoadOwner loads the owner of the locks
+func (locks LFSLockList) LoadOwner(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if len(locks) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	usersIDs := container.FilterSlice(locks, func(lock *LFSLock) (int64, bool) {
+		return lock.OwnerID, true
+	})
+	users := make(map[int64]*user_model.User, len(usersIDs))
+	if err := db.GetEngine(ctx).
+		In("id", usersIDs).
+		Find(&users); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("find users: %w", err)
+	}
+	for _, v := range locks {
+		v.Owner = users[v.OwnerID]
+		if v.Owner == nil { // not exist
+			v.Owner = user_model.NewGhostUser()
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/models/git/lfs_test.go b/models/git/lfs_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..afb73ec
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/lfs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/test"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestIterateRepositoryIDsWithLFSMetaObjects(t *testing.T) {
+	defer unittest.OverrideFixtures(
+		unittest.FixturesOptions{
+			Dir:  filepath.Join(setting.AppWorkPath, "models/fixtures/"),
+			Base: setting.AppWorkPath,
+			Dirs: []string{"models/git/TestIterateRepositoryIDsWithLFSMetaObjects/"},
+		},
+	)()
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	type repocount struct {
+		repoid int64
+		count  int64
+	}
+	expected := []repocount{{1, 1}, {54, 4}}
+
+	t.Run("Normal batch size", func(t *testing.T) {
+		defer test.MockVariableValue(&setting.Database.IterateBufferSize, 20)()
+		cases := []repocount{}
+
+		err := IterateRepositoryIDsWithLFSMetaObjects(db.DefaultContext, func(ctx context.Context, repoID, count int64) error {
+			cases = append(cases, repocount{repoID, count})
+			return nil
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, expected, cases)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Low batch size", func(t *testing.T) {
+		defer test.MockVariableValue(&setting.Database.IterateBufferSize, 1)()
+		cases := []repocount{}
+
+		err := IterateRepositoryIDsWithLFSMetaObjects(db.DefaultContext, func(ctx context.Context, repoID, count int64) error {
+			cases = append(cases, repocount{repoID, count})
+			return nil
+		})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, expected, cases)
+	})
+}
+
+func TestIterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepo(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	expectedIDs := []int64{1, 2, 3, 4}
+
+	t.Run("Normal batch size", func(t *testing.T) {
+		defer test.MockVariableValue(&setting.Database.IterateBufferSize, 20)()
+		actualIDs := []int64{}
+
+		err := IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepo(db.DefaultContext, 54, func(ctx context.Context, lo *LFSMetaObject) error {
+			actualIDs = append(actualIDs, lo.ID)
+			return nil
+		}, &IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepoOptions{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, expectedIDs, actualIDs)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Low batch size", func(t *testing.T) {
+		defer test.MockVariableValue(&setting.Database.IterateBufferSize, 1)()
+		actualIDs := []int64{}
+
+		err := IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepo(db.DefaultContext, 54, func(ctx context.Context, lo *LFSMetaObject) error {
+			actualIDs = append(actualIDs, lo.ID)
+			return nil
+		}, &IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepoOptions{})
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.EqualValues(t, expectedIDs, actualIDs)
+
+		t.Run("Batch handles updates", func(t *testing.T) {
+			actualIDs := []int64{}
+
+			err := IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepo(db.DefaultContext, 54, func(ctx context.Context, lo *LFSMetaObject) error {
+				actualIDs = append(actualIDs, lo.ID)
+				_, err := db.DeleteByID[LFSMetaObject](ctx, lo.ID)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				return nil
+			}, &IterateLFSMetaObjectsForRepoOptions{})
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.EqualValues(t, expectedIDs, actualIDs)
+		})
+	})
+}
diff --git a/models/git/main_test.go b/models/git/main_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..aab1fa9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/main_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+// Copyright 2020 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+
+	_ "code.gitea.io/gitea/models"
+	_ "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	_ "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/activities"
+)
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	unittest.MainTest(m)
+}
diff --git a/models/git/protected_banch_list_test.go b/models/git/protected_banch_list_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..09319d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/protected_banch_list_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestBranchRuleMatchPriority(t *testing.T) {
+	kases := []struct {
+		Rules            []string
+		BranchName       string
+		ExpectedMatchIdx int
+	}{
+		{
+			Rules:            []string{"release/*", "release/v1.17"},
+			BranchName:       "release/v1.17",
+			ExpectedMatchIdx: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			Rules:            []string{"release/v1.17", "release/*"},
+			BranchName:       "release/v1.17",
+			ExpectedMatchIdx: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			Rules:            []string{"release/**/v1.17", "release/test/v1.17"},
+			BranchName:       "release/test/v1.17",
+			ExpectedMatchIdx: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			Rules:            []string{"release/test/v1.17", "release/**/v1.17"},
+			BranchName:       "release/test/v1.17",
+			ExpectedMatchIdx: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			Rules:            []string{"release/**", "release/v1.0.0"},
+			BranchName:       "release/v1.0.0",
+			ExpectedMatchIdx: 1,
+		},
+		{
+			Rules:            []string{"release/v1.0.0", "release/**"},
+			BranchName:       "release/v1.0.0",
+			ExpectedMatchIdx: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			Rules:            []string{"release/**", "release/v1.0.0"},
+			BranchName:       "release/v2.0.0",
+			ExpectedMatchIdx: 0,
+		},
+		{
+			Rules:            []string{"release/*", "release/v1.0.0"},
+			BranchName:       "release/1/v2.0.0",
+			ExpectedMatchIdx: -1,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, kase := range kases {
+		var pbs ProtectedBranchRules
+		for _, rule := range kase.Rules {
+			pbs = append(pbs, &ProtectedBranch{RuleName: rule})
+		}
+		pbs.sort()
+		matchedPB := pbs.GetFirstMatched(kase.BranchName)
+		if matchedPB == nil {
+			if kase.ExpectedMatchIdx >= 0 {
+				require.Error(t, fmt.Errorf("no matched rules but expected %s[%d]", kase.Rules[kase.ExpectedMatchIdx], kase.ExpectedMatchIdx))
+			}
+		} else {
+			assert.EqualValues(t, kase.Rules[kase.ExpectedMatchIdx], matchedPB.RuleName)
+		}
+	}
+}
diff --git a/models/git/protected_branch.go b/models/git/protected_branch.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a8b8c81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/protected_branch.go
@@ -0,0 +1,511 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/organization"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm"
+	access_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm/access"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+
+	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
+	"github.com/gobwas/glob/syntax"
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+var ErrBranchIsProtected = errors.New("branch is protected")
+
+// ProtectedBranch struct
+type ProtectedBranch struct {
+	ID                            int64                  `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	RepoID                        int64                  `xorm:"UNIQUE(s)"`
+	Repo                          *repo_model.Repository `xorm:"-"`
+	RuleName                      string                 `xorm:"'branch_name' UNIQUE(s)"` // a branch name or a glob match to branch name
+	globRule                      glob.Glob              `xorm:"-"`
+	isPlainName                   bool                   `xorm:"-"`
+	CanPush                       bool                   `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	EnableWhitelist               bool
+	WhitelistUserIDs              []int64  `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+	WhitelistTeamIDs              []int64  `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+	EnableMergeWhitelist          bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	WhitelistDeployKeys           bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	MergeWhitelistUserIDs         []int64  `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+	MergeWhitelistTeamIDs         []int64  `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+	EnableStatusCheck             bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	StatusCheckContexts           []string `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+	EnableApprovalsWhitelist      bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs     []int64  `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+	ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs     []int64  `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+	RequiredApprovals             int64    `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT 0"`
+	BlockOnRejectedReviews        bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	BlockOnOfficialReviewRequests bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	BlockOnOutdatedBranch         bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	DismissStaleApprovals         bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	IgnoreStaleApprovals          bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	RequireSignedCommits          bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+	ProtectedFilePatterns         string   `xorm:"TEXT"`
+	UnprotectedFilePatterns       string   `xorm:"TEXT"`
+	ApplyToAdmins                 bool     `xorm:"NOT NULL DEFAULT false"`
+
+	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+	UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
+}
+
+func init() {
+	db.RegisterModel(new(ProtectedBranch))
+}
+
+// IsRuleNameSpecial return true if it contains special character
+func IsRuleNameSpecial(ruleName string) bool {
+	for i := 0; i < len(ruleName); i++ {
+		if syntax.Special(ruleName[i]) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) loadGlob() {
+	if protectBranch.globRule == nil {
+		var err error
+		protectBranch.globRule, err = glob.Compile(protectBranch.RuleName, '/')
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Invalid glob rule for ProtectedBranch[%d]: %s %v", protectBranch.ID, protectBranch.RuleName, err)
+			protectBranch.globRule = glob.MustCompile(glob.QuoteMeta(protectBranch.RuleName), '/')
+		}
+		protectBranch.isPlainName = !IsRuleNameSpecial(protectBranch.RuleName)
+	}
+}
+
+// Match tests if branchName matches the rule
+func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) Match(branchName string) bool {
+	protectBranch.loadGlob()
+	if protectBranch.isPlainName {
+		return strings.EqualFold(protectBranch.RuleName, branchName)
+	}
+
+	return protectBranch.globRule.Match(branchName)
+}
+
+func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) LoadRepo(ctx context.Context) (err error) {
+	if protectBranch.Repo != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	protectBranch.Repo, err = repo_model.GetRepositoryByID(ctx, protectBranch.RepoID)
+	return err
+}
+
+// CanUserPush returns if some user could push to this protected branch
+func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) CanUserPush(ctx context.Context, user *user_model.User) bool {
+	if !protectBranch.CanPush {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	if !protectBranch.EnableWhitelist {
+		if err := protectBranch.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Error("LoadRepo: %v", err)
+			return false
+		}
+
+		writeAccess, err := access_model.HasAccessUnit(ctx, user, protectBranch.Repo, unit.TypeCode, perm.AccessModeWrite)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("HasAccessUnit: %v", err)
+			return false
+		}
+		return writeAccess
+	}
+
+	if slices.Contains(protectBranch.WhitelistUserIDs, user.ID) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if len(protectBranch.WhitelistTeamIDs) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	in, err := organization.IsUserInTeams(ctx, user.ID, protectBranch.WhitelistTeamIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("IsUserInTeams: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return in
+}
+
+// IsUserMergeWhitelisted checks if some user is whitelisted to merge to this branch
+func IsUserMergeWhitelisted(ctx context.Context, protectBranch *ProtectedBranch, userID int64, permissionInRepo access_model.Permission) bool {
+	if !protectBranch.EnableMergeWhitelist {
+		// Then we need to fall back on whether the user has write permission
+		return permissionInRepo.CanWrite(unit.TypeCode)
+	}
+
+	if slices.Contains(protectBranch.MergeWhitelistUserIDs, userID) {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if len(protectBranch.MergeWhitelistTeamIDs) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	in, err := organization.IsUserInTeams(ctx, userID, protectBranch.MergeWhitelistTeamIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("IsUserInTeams: %v", err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return in
+}
+
+// IsUserOfficialReviewer check if user is official reviewer for the branch (counts towards required approvals)
+func IsUserOfficialReviewer(ctx context.Context, protectBranch *ProtectedBranch, user *user_model.User) (bool, error) {
+	repo, err := repo_model.GetRepositoryByID(ctx, protectBranch.RepoID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if !protectBranch.EnableApprovalsWhitelist {
+		// Anyone with write access is considered official reviewer
+		writeAccess, err := access_model.HasAccessUnit(ctx, user, repo, unit.TypeCode, perm.AccessModeWrite)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		return writeAccess, nil
+	}
+
+	if slices.Contains(protectBranch.ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs, user.ID) {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	inTeam, err := organization.IsUserInTeams(ctx, user.ID, protectBranch.ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return inTeam, nil
+}
+
+// GetProtectedFilePatterns parses a semicolon separated list of protected file patterns and returns a glob.Glob slice
+func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) GetProtectedFilePatterns() []glob.Glob {
+	return getFilePatterns(protectBranch.ProtectedFilePatterns)
+}
+
+// GetUnprotectedFilePatterns parses a semicolon separated list of unprotected file patterns and returns a glob.Glob slice
+func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) GetUnprotectedFilePatterns() []glob.Glob {
+	return getFilePatterns(protectBranch.UnprotectedFilePatterns)
+}
+
+func getFilePatterns(filePatterns string) []glob.Glob {
+	extarr := make([]glob.Glob, 0, 10)
+	for _, expr := range strings.Split(strings.ToLower(filePatterns), ";") {
+		expr = strings.TrimSpace(expr)
+		if expr != "" {
+			if g, err := glob.Compile(expr, '.', '/'); err != nil {
+				log.Info("Invalid glob expression '%s' (skipped): %v", expr, err)
+			} else {
+				extarr = append(extarr, g)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return extarr
+}
+
+// MergeBlockedByProtectedFiles returns true if merge is blocked by protected files change
+func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) MergeBlockedByProtectedFiles(changedProtectedFiles []string) bool {
+	glob := protectBranch.GetProtectedFilePatterns()
+	if len(glob) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return len(changedProtectedFiles) > 0
+}
+
+// IsProtectedFile return if path is protected
+func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) IsProtectedFile(patterns []glob.Glob, path string) bool {
+	if len(patterns) == 0 {
+		patterns = protectBranch.GetProtectedFilePatterns()
+		if len(patterns) == 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	lpath := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(path))
+
+	r := false
+	for _, pat := range patterns {
+		if pat.Match(lpath) {
+			r = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r
+}
+
+// IsUnprotectedFile return if path is unprotected
+func (protectBranch *ProtectedBranch) IsUnprotectedFile(patterns []glob.Glob, path string) bool {
+	if len(patterns) == 0 {
+		patterns = protectBranch.GetUnprotectedFilePatterns()
+		if len(patterns) == 0 {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	lpath := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(path))
+
+	r := false
+	for _, pat := range patterns {
+		if pat.Match(lpath) {
+			r = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return r
+}
+
+// GetProtectedBranchRuleByName getting protected branch rule by name
+func GetProtectedBranchRuleByName(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, ruleName string) (*ProtectedBranch, error) {
+	// branch_name is legacy name, it actually is rule name
+	rel, exist, err := db.Get[ProtectedBranch](ctx, builder.Eq{"repo_id": repoID, "branch_name": ruleName})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !exist {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return rel, nil
+}
+
+// GetProtectedBranchRuleByID getting protected branch rule by rule ID
+func GetProtectedBranchRuleByID(ctx context.Context, repoID, ruleID int64) (*ProtectedBranch, error) {
+	rel, exist, err := db.Get[ProtectedBranch](ctx, builder.Eq{"repo_id": repoID, "id": ruleID})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	} else if !exist {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return rel, nil
+}
+
+// WhitelistOptions represent all sorts of whitelists used for protected branches
+type WhitelistOptions struct {
+	UserIDs []int64
+	TeamIDs []int64
+
+	MergeUserIDs []int64
+	MergeTeamIDs []int64
+
+	ApprovalsUserIDs []int64
+	ApprovalsTeamIDs []int64
+}
+
+// UpdateProtectBranch saves branch protection options of repository.
+// If ID is 0, it creates a new record. Otherwise, updates existing record.
+// This function also performs check if whitelist user and team's IDs have been changed
+// to avoid unnecessary whitelist delete and regenerate.
+func UpdateProtectBranch(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, protectBranch *ProtectedBranch, opts WhitelistOptions) (err error) {
+	err = repo.MustNotBeArchived()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err = repo.LoadOwner(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("LoadOwner: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	whitelist, err := updateUserWhitelist(ctx, repo, protectBranch.WhitelistUserIDs, opts.UserIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	protectBranch.WhitelistUserIDs = whitelist
+
+	whitelist, err = updateUserWhitelist(ctx, repo, protectBranch.MergeWhitelistUserIDs, opts.MergeUserIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	protectBranch.MergeWhitelistUserIDs = whitelist
+
+	whitelist, err = updateApprovalWhitelist(ctx, repo, protectBranch.ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs, opts.ApprovalsUserIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	protectBranch.ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs = whitelist
+
+	// if the repo is in an organization
+	whitelist, err = updateTeamWhitelist(ctx, repo, protectBranch.WhitelistTeamIDs, opts.TeamIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	protectBranch.WhitelistTeamIDs = whitelist
+
+	whitelist, err = updateTeamWhitelist(ctx, repo, protectBranch.MergeWhitelistTeamIDs, opts.MergeTeamIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	protectBranch.MergeWhitelistTeamIDs = whitelist
+
+	whitelist, err = updateTeamWhitelist(ctx, repo, protectBranch.ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs, opts.ApprovalsTeamIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	protectBranch.ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs = whitelist
+
+	// Make sure protectBranch.ID is not 0 for whitelists
+	if protectBranch.ID == 0 {
+		if _, err = db.GetEngine(ctx).Insert(protectBranch); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("Insert: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if _, err = db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(protectBranch.ID).AllCols().Update(protectBranch); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("Update: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// updateApprovalWhitelist checks whether the user whitelist changed and returns a whitelist with
+// the users from newWhitelist which have explicit read or write access to the repo.
+func updateApprovalWhitelist(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, currentWhitelist, newWhitelist []int64) (whitelist []int64, err error) {
+	hasUsersChanged := !util.SliceSortedEqual(currentWhitelist, newWhitelist)
+	if !hasUsersChanged {
+		return currentWhitelist, nil
+	}
+
+	whitelist = make([]int64, 0, len(newWhitelist))
+	for _, userID := range newWhitelist {
+		if reader, err := access_model.IsRepoReader(ctx, repo, userID); err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		} else if !reader {
+			continue
+		}
+		whitelist = append(whitelist, userID)
+	}
+
+	return whitelist, err
+}
+
+// updateUserWhitelist checks whether the user whitelist changed and returns a whitelist with
+// the users from newWhitelist which have write access to the repo.
+func updateUserWhitelist(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, currentWhitelist, newWhitelist []int64) (whitelist []int64, err error) {
+	hasUsersChanged := !util.SliceSortedEqual(currentWhitelist, newWhitelist)
+	if !hasUsersChanged {
+		return currentWhitelist, nil
+	}
+
+	whitelist = make([]int64, 0, len(newWhitelist))
+	for _, userID := range newWhitelist {
+		user, err := user_model.GetUserByID(ctx, userID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetUserByID [user_id: %d, repo_id: %d]: %v", userID, repo.ID, err)
+		}
+		perm, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, repo, user)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetUserRepoPermission [user_id: %d, repo_id: %d]: %v", userID, repo.ID, err)
+		}
+
+		if !perm.CanWrite(unit.TypeCode) {
+			continue // Drop invalid user ID
+		}
+
+		whitelist = append(whitelist, userID)
+	}
+
+	return whitelist, err
+}
+
+// updateTeamWhitelist checks whether the team whitelist changed and returns a whitelist with
+// the teams from newWhitelist which have write access to the repo.
+func updateTeamWhitelist(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, currentWhitelist, newWhitelist []int64) (whitelist []int64, err error) {
+	hasTeamsChanged := !util.SliceSortedEqual(currentWhitelist, newWhitelist)
+	if !hasTeamsChanged {
+		return currentWhitelist, nil
+	}
+
+	teams, err := organization.GetTeamsWithAccessToRepo(ctx, repo.OwnerID, repo.ID, perm.AccessModeRead)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("GetTeamsWithAccessToRepo [org_id: %d, repo_id: %d]: %v", repo.OwnerID, repo.ID, err)
+	}
+
+	whitelist = make([]int64, 0, len(teams))
+	for i := range teams {
+		if slices.Contains(newWhitelist, teams[i].ID) {
+			whitelist = append(whitelist, teams[i].ID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return whitelist, err
+}
+
+// DeleteProtectedBranch removes ProtectedBranch relation between the user and repository.
+func DeleteProtectedBranch(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository, id int64) (err error) {
+	err = repo.MustNotBeArchived()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	protectedBranch := &ProtectedBranch{
+		RepoID: repo.ID,
+		ID:     id,
+	}
+
+	if affected, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Delete(protectedBranch); err != nil {
+		return err
+	} else if affected != 1 {
+		return fmt.Errorf("delete protected branch ID(%v) failed", id)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveUserIDFromProtectedBranch remove all user ids from protected branch options
+func RemoveUserIDFromProtectedBranch(ctx context.Context, p *ProtectedBranch, userID int64) error {
+	lenIDs, lenApprovalIDs, lenMergeIDs := len(p.WhitelistUserIDs), len(p.ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs), len(p.MergeWhitelistUserIDs)
+	p.WhitelistUserIDs = util.SliceRemoveAll(p.WhitelistUserIDs, userID)
+	p.ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs = util.SliceRemoveAll(p.ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs, userID)
+	p.MergeWhitelistUserIDs = util.SliceRemoveAll(p.MergeWhitelistUserIDs, userID)
+
+	if lenIDs != len(p.WhitelistUserIDs) || lenApprovalIDs != len(p.ApprovalsWhitelistUserIDs) ||
+		lenMergeIDs != len(p.MergeWhitelistUserIDs) {
+		if _, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(p.ID).Cols(
+			"whitelist_user_i_ds",
+			"merge_whitelist_user_i_ds",
+			"approvals_whitelist_user_i_ds",
+		).Update(p); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("updateProtectedBranches: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// RemoveTeamIDFromProtectedBranch remove all team ids from protected branch options
+func RemoveTeamIDFromProtectedBranch(ctx context.Context, p *ProtectedBranch, teamID int64) error {
+	lenIDs, lenApprovalIDs, lenMergeIDs := len(p.WhitelistTeamIDs), len(p.ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs), len(p.MergeWhitelistTeamIDs)
+	p.WhitelistTeamIDs = util.SliceRemoveAll(p.WhitelistTeamIDs, teamID)
+	p.ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs = util.SliceRemoveAll(p.ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs, teamID)
+	p.MergeWhitelistTeamIDs = util.SliceRemoveAll(p.MergeWhitelistTeamIDs, teamID)
+
+	if lenIDs != len(p.WhitelistTeamIDs) ||
+		lenApprovalIDs != len(p.ApprovalsWhitelistTeamIDs) ||
+		lenMergeIDs != len(p.MergeWhitelistTeamIDs) {
+		if _, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(p.ID).Cols(
+			"whitelist_team_i_ds",
+			"merge_whitelist_team_i_ds",
+			"approvals_whitelist_team_i_ds",
+		).Update(p); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("updateProtectedBranches: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/models/git/protected_branch_list.go b/models/git/protected_branch_list.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..613333a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/protected_branch_list.go
@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sort"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/optional"
+
+	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
+)
+
+type ProtectedBranchRules []*ProtectedBranch
+
+func (rules ProtectedBranchRules) GetFirstMatched(branchName string) *ProtectedBranch {
+	for _, rule := range rules {
+		if rule.Match(branchName) {
+			return rule
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (rules ProtectedBranchRules) sort() {
+	sort.Slice(rules, func(i, j int) bool {
+		rules[i].loadGlob()
+		rules[j].loadGlob()
+		if rules[i].isPlainName != rules[j].isPlainName {
+			return rules[i].isPlainName // plain name comes first, so plain name means "less"
+		}
+		return rules[i].CreatedUnix < rules[j].CreatedUnix
+	})
+}
+
+// FindRepoProtectedBranchRules load all repository's protected rules
+func FindRepoProtectedBranchRules(ctx context.Context, repoID int64) (ProtectedBranchRules, error) {
+	var rules ProtectedBranchRules
+	err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Where("repo_id = ?", repoID).Asc("created_unix").Find(&rules)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rules.sort() // to make non-glob rules have higher priority, and for same glob/non-glob rules, first created rules have higher priority
+	return rules, nil
+}
+
+// FindAllMatchedBranches find all matched branches
+func FindAllMatchedBranches(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, ruleName string) ([]string, error) {
+	results := make([]string, 0, 10)
+	for page := 1; ; page++ {
+		brancheNames, err := FindBranchNames(ctx, FindBranchOptions{
+			ListOptions: db.ListOptions{
+				PageSize: 100,
+				Page:     page,
+			},
+			RepoID:          repoID,
+			IsDeletedBranch: optional.Some(false),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		rule := glob.MustCompile(ruleName)
+
+		for _, branch := range brancheNames {
+			if rule.Match(branch) {
+				results = append(results, branch)
+			}
+		}
+		if len(brancheNames) < 100 {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return results, nil
+}
+
+// GetFirstMatchProtectedBranchRule returns the first matched rules
+func GetFirstMatchProtectedBranchRule(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, branchName string) (*ProtectedBranch, error) {
+	rules, err := FindRepoProtectedBranchRules(ctx, repoID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return rules.GetFirstMatched(branchName), nil
+}
+
+// IsBranchProtected checks if branch is protected
+func IsBranchProtected(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, branchName string) (bool, error) {
+	rule, err := GetFirstMatchProtectedBranchRule(ctx, repoID, branchName)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return rule != nil, nil
+}
diff --git a/models/git/protected_branch_test.go b/models/git/protected_branch_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..278fa9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/protected_branch_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestBranchRuleMatch(t *testing.T) {
+	kases := []struct {
+		Rule          string
+		BranchName    string
+		ExpectedMatch bool
+	}{
+		{
+			Rule:          "release/*",
+			BranchName:    "release/v1.17",
+			ExpectedMatch: true,
+		},
+		{
+			Rule:          "release/**/v1.17",
+			BranchName:    "release/test/v1.17",
+			ExpectedMatch: true,
+		},
+		{
+			Rule:          "release/**/v1.17",
+			BranchName:    "release/test/1/v1.17",
+			ExpectedMatch: true,
+		},
+		{
+			Rule:          "release/*/v1.17",
+			BranchName:    "release/test/1/v1.17",
+			ExpectedMatch: false,
+		},
+		{
+			Rule:          "release/v*",
+			BranchName:    "release/v1.16",
+			ExpectedMatch: true,
+		},
+		{
+			Rule:          "*",
+			BranchName:    "release/v1.16",
+			ExpectedMatch: false,
+		},
+		{
+			Rule:          "**",
+			BranchName:    "release/v1.16",
+			ExpectedMatch: true,
+		},
+		{
+			Rule:          "main",
+			BranchName:    "main",
+			ExpectedMatch: true,
+		},
+		{
+			Rule:          "master",
+			BranchName:    "main",
+			ExpectedMatch: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, kase := range kases {
+		pb := ProtectedBranch{RuleName: kase.Rule}
+		assert.EqualValues(t, kase.ExpectedMatch, pb.Match(kase.BranchName), "%s - %s", kase.BranchName, kase.Rule)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/models/git/protected_tag.go b/models/git/protected_tag.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9a6646c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/protected_tag.go
@@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"regexp"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/organization"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+
+	"github.com/gobwas/glob"
+)
+
+// ProtectedTag struct
+type ProtectedTag struct {
+	ID               int64 `xorm:"pk autoincr"`
+	RepoID           int64
+	NamePattern      string
+	RegexPattern     *regexp.Regexp `xorm:"-"`
+	GlobPattern      glob.Glob      `xorm:"-"`
+	AllowlistUserIDs []int64        `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+	AllowlistTeamIDs []int64        `xorm:"JSON TEXT"`
+
+	CreatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"created"`
+	UpdatedUnix timeutil.TimeStamp `xorm:"updated"`
+}
+
+func init() {
+	db.RegisterModel(new(ProtectedTag))
+}
+
+// EnsureCompiledPattern ensures the glob pattern is compiled
+func (pt *ProtectedTag) EnsureCompiledPattern() error {
+	if pt.RegexPattern != nil || pt.GlobPattern != nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var err error
+	if len(pt.NamePattern) >= 2 && strings.HasPrefix(pt.NamePattern, "/") && strings.HasSuffix(pt.NamePattern, "/") {
+		pt.RegexPattern, err = regexp.Compile(pt.NamePattern[1 : len(pt.NamePattern)-1])
+	} else {
+		pt.GlobPattern, err = glob.Compile(pt.NamePattern)
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (pt *ProtectedTag) matchString(name string) bool {
+	if pt.RegexPattern != nil {
+		return pt.RegexPattern.MatchString(name)
+	}
+	return pt.GlobPattern.Match(name)
+}
+
+// InsertProtectedTag inserts a protected tag to database
+func InsertProtectedTag(ctx context.Context, pt *ProtectedTag) error {
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Insert(pt)
+	return err
+}
+
+// UpdateProtectedTag updates the protected tag
+func UpdateProtectedTag(ctx context.Context, pt *ProtectedTag) error {
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(pt.ID).AllCols().Update(pt)
+	return err
+}
+
+// DeleteProtectedTag deletes a protected tag by ID
+func DeleteProtectedTag(ctx context.Context, pt *ProtectedTag) error {
+	_, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(pt.ID).Delete(&ProtectedTag{})
+	return err
+}
+
+// IsUserAllowedModifyTag returns true if the user is allowed to modify the tag
+func IsUserAllowedModifyTag(ctx context.Context, pt *ProtectedTag, userID int64) (bool, error) {
+	if slices.Contains(pt.AllowlistUserIDs, userID) {
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	if len(pt.AllowlistTeamIDs) == 0 {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	in, err := organization.IsUserInTeams(ctx, userID, pt.AllowlistTeamIDs)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+	return in, nil
+}
+
+// GetProtectedTags gets all protected tags of the repository
+func GetProtectedTags(ctx context.Context, repoID int64) ([]*ProtectedTag, error) {
+	tags := make([]*ProtectedTag, 0)
+	return tags, db.GetEngine(ctx).Find(&tags, &ProtectedTag{RepoID: repoID})
+}
+
+// GetProtectedTagByID gets the protected tag with the specific id
+func GetProtectedTagByID(ctx context.Context, id int64) (*ProtectedTag, error) {
+	tag := new(ProtectedTag)
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).ID(id).Get(tag)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !has {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return tag, nil
+}
+
+// GetProtectedTagByNamePattern gets protected tag by name_pattern
+func GetProtectedTagByNamePattern(ctx context.Context, repoID int64, pattern string) (*ProtectedTag, error) {
+	tag := &ProtectedTag{NamePattern: pattern, RepoID: repoID}
+	has, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Get(tag)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !has {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return tag, nil
+}
+
+// IsUserAllowedToControlTag checks if a user can control the specific tag.
+// It returns true if the tag name is not protected or the user is allowed to control it.
+func IsUserAllowedToControlTag(ctx context.Context, tags []*ProtectedTag, tagName string, userID int64) (bool, error) {
+	isAllowed := true
+	for _, tag := range tags {
+		err := tag.EnsureCompiledPattern()
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+
+		if !tag.matchString(tagName) {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		isAllowed, err = IsUserAllowedModifyTag(ctx, tag, userID)
+		if err != nil {
+			return false, err
+		}
+		if isAllowed {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return isAllowed, nil
+}
diff --git a/models/git/protected_tag_test.go b/models/git/protected_tag_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..796e159
--- /dev/null
+++ b/models/git/protected_tag_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+// Copyright 2021 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package git_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestIsUserAllowed(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	pt := &git_model.ProtectedTag{}
+	allowed, err := git_model.IsUserAllowedModifyTag(db.DefaultContext, pt, 1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, allowed)
+
+	pt = &git_model.ProtectedTag{
+		AllowlistUserIDs: []int64{1},
+	}
+	allowed, err = git_model.IsUserAllowedModifyTag(db.DefaultContext, pt, 1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, allowed)
+
+	allowed, err = git_model.IsUserAllowedModifyTag(db.DefaultContext, pt, 2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, allowed)
+
+	pt = &git_model.ProtectedTag{
+		AllowlistTeamIDs: []int64{1},
+	}
+	allowed, err = git_model.IsUserAllowedModifyTag(db.DefaultContext, pt, 1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.False(t, allowed)
+
+	allowed, err = git_model.IsUserAllowedModifyTag(db.DefaultContext, pt, 2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, allowed)
+
+	pt = &git_model.ProtectedTag{
+		AllowlistUserIDs: []int64{1},
+		AllowlistTeamIDs: []int64{1},
+	}
+	allowed, err = git_model.IsUserAllowedModifyTag(db.DefaultContext, pt, 1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, allowed)
+
+	allowed, err = git_model.IsUserAllowedModifyTag(db.DefaultContext, pt, 2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.True(t, allowed)
+}
+
+func TestIsUserAllowedToControlTag(t *testing.T) {
+	cases := []struct {
+		name    string
+		userid  int64
+		allowed bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:    "test",
+			userid:  1,
+			allowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "test",
+			userid:  3,
+			allowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "gitea",
+			userid:  1,
+			allowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "gitea",
+			userid:  3,
+			allowed: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "test-gitea",
+			userid:  1,
+			allowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "test-gitea",
+			userid:  3,
+			allowed: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "gitea-test",
+			userid:  1,
+			allowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "gitea-test",
+			userid:  3,
+			allowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "v-1",
+			userid:  1,
+			allowed: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "v-1",
+			userid:  2,
+			allowed: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:    "release",
+			userid:  1,
+			allowed: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	t.Run("Glob", func(t *testing.T) {
+		protectedTags := []*git_model.ProtectedTag{
+			{
+				NamePattern:      `*gitea`,
+				AllowlistUserIDs: []int64{1},
+			},
+			{
+				NamePattern:      `v-*`,
+				AllowlistUserIDs: []int64{2},
+			},
+			{
+				NamePattern: "release",
+			},
+		}
+
+		for n, c := range cases {
+			isAllowed, err := git_model.IsUserAllowedToControlTag(db.DefaultContext, protectedTags, c.name, c.userid)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, c.allowed, isAllowed, "case %d: error should match", n)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Regex", func(t *testing.T) {
+		protectedTags := []*git_model.ProtectedTag{
+			{
+				NamePattern:      `/gitea\z/`,
+				AllowlistUserIDs: []int64{1},
+			},
+			{
+				NamePattern:      `/\Av-/`,
+				AllowlistUserIDs: []int64{2},
+			},
+			{
+				NamePattern: "/release/",
+			},
+		}
+
+		for n, c := range cases {
+			isAllowed, err := git_model.IsUserAllowedToControlTag(db.DefaultContext, protectedTags, c.name, c.userid)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			assert.Equal(t, c.allowed, isAllowed, "case %d: error should match", n)
+		}
+	})
+}