Adding upstream version 9.0.0.

Signed-off-by: Daniel Baumann <daniel@debian.org>

18 files changed, 2841 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/services/actions/auth.go b/services/actions/auth.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8e934d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/auth.go
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+
+	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
+)
+
+type actionsClaims struct {
+	jwt.RegisteredClaims
+	Scp    string `json:"scp"`
+	TaskID int64
+	RunID  int64
+	JobID  int64
+	Ac     string `json:"ac"`
+}
+
+type actionsCacheScope struct {
+	Scope      string
+	Permission actionsCachePermission
+}
+
+type actionsCachePermission int
+
+const (
+	actionsCachePermissionRead = 1 << iota
+	actionsCachePermissionWrite
+)
+
+func CreateAuthorizationToken(taskID, runID, jobID int64) (string, error) {
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	ac, err := json.Marshal(&[]actionsCacheScope{
+		{
+			Scope:      "",
+			Permission: actionsCachePermissionWrite,
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	claims := actionsClaims{
+		RegisteredClaims: jwt.RegisteredClaims{
+			ExpiresAt: jwt.NewNumericDate(now.Add(24 * time.Hour)),
+			NotBefore: jwt.NewNumericDate(now),
+		},
+		Scp:    fmt.Sprintf("Actions.Results:%d:%d", runID, jobID),
+		Ac:     string(ac),
+		TaskID: taskID,
+		RunID:  runID,
+		JobID:  jobID,
+	}
+	token := jwt.NewWithClaims(jwt.SigningMethodHS256, claims)
+
+	tokenString, err := token.SignedString(setting.GetGeneralTokenSigningSecret())
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	return tokenString, nil
+}
+
+func ParseAuthorizationToken(req *http.Request) (int64, error) {
+	h := req.Header.Get("Authorization")
+	if h == "" {
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	parts := strings.SplitN(h, " ", 2)
+	if len(parts) != 2 {
+		log.Error("split token failed: %s", h)
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("split token failed")
+	}
+
+	token, err := jwt.ParseWithClaims(parts[1], &actionsClaims{}, func(t *jwt.Token) (any, error) {
+		if _, ok := t.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodHMAC); !ok {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected signing method: %v", t.Header["alg"])
+		}
+		return setting.GetGeneralTokenSigningSecret(), nil
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	c, ok := token.Claims.(*actionsClaims)
+	if !token.Valid || !ok {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("invalid token claim")
+	}
+
+	return c.TaskID, nil
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/auth_test.go b/services/actions/auth_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1400e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/auth_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"testing"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+
+	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestCreateAuthorizationToken(t *testing.T) {
+	var taskID int64 = 23
+	token, err := CreateAuthorizationToken(taskID, 1, 2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "", token)
+	claims := jwt.MapClaims{}
+	_, err = jwt.ParseWithClaims(token, claims, func(t *jwt.Token) (any, error) {
+		return setting.GetGeneralTokenSigningSecret(), nil
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	scp, ok := claims["scp"]
+	assert.True(t, ok, "Has scp claim in jwt token")
+	assert.Contains(t, scp, "Actions.Results:1:2")
+	taskIDClaim, ok := claims["TaskID"]
+	assert.True(t, ok, "Has TaskID claim in jwt token")
+	assert.InDelta(t, float64(taskID), taskIDClaim, 0, "Supplied taskid must match stored one")
+	acClaim, ok := claims["ac"]
+	assert.True(t, ok, "Has ac claim in jwt token")
+	ac, ok := acClaim.(string)
+	assert.True(t, ok, "ac claim is a string for buildx gha cache")
+	scopes := []actionsCacheScope{}
+	err = json.Unmarshal([]byte(ac), &scopes)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "ac claim is a json list for buildx gha cache")
+	assert.GreaterOrEqual(t, len(scopes), 1, "Expected at least one action cache scope for buildx gha cache")
+}
+
+func TestParseAuthorizationToken(t *testing.T) {
+	var taskID int64 = 23
+	token, err := CreateAuthorizationToken(taskID, 1, 2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.NotEqual(t, "", token)
+	headers := http.Header{}
+	headers.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+	rTaskID, err := ParseAuthorizationToken(&http.Request{
+		Header: headers,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, taskID, rTaskID)
+}
+
+func TestParseAuthorizationTokenNoAuthHeader(t *testing.T) {
+	headers := http.Header{}
+	rTaskID, err := ParseAuthorizationToken(&http.Request{
+		Header: headers,
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	assert.Equal(t, int64(0), rTaskID)
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/cleanup.go b/services/actions/cleanup.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1223ebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/cleanup.go
@@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	actions_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/storage"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+)
+
+// Cleanup removes expired actions logs, data and artifacts
+func Cleanup(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// clean up expired artifacts
+	if err := CleanupArtifacts(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cleanup artifacts: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// clean up old logs
+	if err := CleanupLogs(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("cleanup logs: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CleanupArtifacts removes expired add need-deleted artifacts and set records expired status
+func CleanupArtifacts(taskCtx context.Context) error {
+	if err := cleanExpiredArtifacts(taskCtx); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return cleanNeedDeleteArtifacts(taskCtx)
+}
+
+func cleanExpiredArtifacts(taskCtx context.Context) error {
+	artifacts, err := actions_model.ListNeedExpiredArtifacts(taskCtx)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	log.Info("Found %d expired artifacts", len(artifacts))
+	for _, artifact := range artifacts {
+		if err := actions_model.SetArtifactExpired(taskCtx, artifact.ID); err != nil {
+			log.Error("Cannot set artifact %d expired: %v", artifact.ID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := storage.ActionsArtifacts.Delete(artifact.StoragePath); err != nil {
+			log.Error("Cannot delete artifact %d: %v", artifact.ID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		log.Info("Artifact %d set expired", artifact.ID)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// deleteArtifactBatchSize is the batch size of deleting artifacts
+const deleteArtifactBatchSize = 100
+
+func cleanNeedDeleteArtifacts(taskCtx context.Context) error {
+	for {
+		artifacts, err := actions_model.ListPendingDeleteArtifacts(taskCtx, deleteArtifactBatchSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		log.Info("Found %d artifacts pending deletion", len(artifacts))
+		for _, artifact := range artifacts {
+			if err := actions_model.SetArtifactDeleted(taskCtx, artifact.ID); err != nil {
+				log.Error("Cannot set artifact %d deleted: %v", artifact.ID, err)
+				continue
+			}
+			if err := storage.ActionsArtifacts.Delete(artifact.StoragePath); err != nil {
+				log.Error("Cannot delete artifact %d: %v", artifact.ID, err)
+				continue
+			}
+			log.Info("Artifact %d set deleted", artifact.ID)
+		}
+		if len(artifacts) < deleteArtifactBatchSize {
+			log.Debug("No more artifacts pending deletion")
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+const deleteLogBatchSize = 100
+
+// CleanupLogs removes logs which are older than the configured retention time
+func CleanupLogs(ctx context.Context) error {
+	olderThan := timeutil.TimeStampNow().AddDuration(-time.Duration(setting.Actions.LogRetentionDays) * 24 * time.Hour)
+
+	count := 0
+	for {
+		tasks, err := actions_model.FindOldTasksToExpire(ctx, olderThan, deleteLogBatchSize)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("find old tasks: %w", err)
+		}
+		for _, task := range tasks {
+			if err := actions_module.RemoveLogs(ctx, task.LogInStorage, task.LogFilename); err != nil {
+				log.Error("Failed to remove log %s (in storage %v) of task %v: %v", task.LogFilename, task.LogInStorage, task.ID, err)
+				// do not return error here, continue to next task
+				continue
+			}
+			task.LogIndexes = nil // clear log indexes since it's a heavy field
+			task.LogExpired = true
+			if err := actions_model.UpdateTask(ctx, task, "log_indexes", "log_expired"); err != nil {
+				log.Error("Failed to update task %v: %v", task.ID, err)
+				// do not return error here, continue to next task
+				continue
+			}
+			count++
+			log.Trace("Removed log %s of task %v", task.LogFilename, task.ID)
+		}
+		if len(tasks) < deleteLogBatchSize {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Removed %d logs", count)
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/clear_tasks.go b/services/actions/clear_tasks.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6737378
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/clear_tasks.go
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+)
+
+// StopZombieTasks stops the task which have running status, but haven't been updated for a long time
+func StopZombieTasks(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return stopTasks(ctx, actions_model.FindTaskOptions{
+		Status:        actions_model.StatusRunning,
+		UpdatedBefore: timeutil.TimeStamp(time.Now().Add(-setting.Actions.ZombieTaskTimeout).Unix()),
+	})
+}
+
+// StopEndlessTasks stops the tasks which have running status and continuous updates, but don't end for a long time
+func StopEndlessTasks(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return stopTasks(ctx, actions_model.FindTaskOptions{
+		Status:        actions_model.StatusRunning,
+		StartedBefore: timeutil.TimeStamp(time.Now().Add(-setting.Actions.EndlessTaskTimeout).Unix()),
+	})
+}
+
+func stopTasks(ctx context.Context, opts actions_model.FindTaskOptions) error {
+	tasks, err := db.Find[actions_model.ActionTask](ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("find tasks: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	jobs := make([]*actions_model.ActionRunJob, 0, len(tasks))
+	for _, task := range tasks {
+		if err := db.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			if err := actions_model.StopTask(ctx, task.ID, actions_model.StatusFailure); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			if err := task.LoadJob(ctx); err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			jobs = append(jobs, task.Job)
+			return nil
+		}); err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Cannot stop task %v: %v", task.ID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		remove, err := actions.TransferLogs(ctx, task.LogFilename)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Cannot transfer logs of task %v: %v", task.ID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		task.LogInStorage = true
+		if err := actions_model.UpdateTask(ctx, task, "log_in_storage"); err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Cannot update task %v: %v", task.ID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+		remove()
+	}
+
+	CreateCommitStatus(ctx, jobs...)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CancelAbandonedJobs cancels the jobs which have waiting status, but haven't been picked by a runner for a long time
+func CancelAbandonedJobs(ctx context.Context) error {
+	jobs, err := db.Find[actions_model.ActionRunJob](ctx, actions_model.FindRunJobOptions{
+		Statuses:      []actions_model.Status{actions_model.StatusWaiting, actions_model.StatusBlocked},
+		UpdatedBefore: timeutil.TimeStamp(time.Now().Add(-setting.Actions.AbandonedJobTimeout).Unix()),
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warn("find abandoned tasks: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	now := timeutil.TimeStampNow()
+	for _, job := range jobs {
+		job.Status = actions_model.StatusCancelled
+		job.Stopped = now
+		if err := db.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+			_, err := actions_model.UpdateRunJob(ctx, job, nil, "status", "stopped")
+			return err
+		}); err != nil {
+			log.Warn("cancel abandoned job %v: %v", job.ID, err)
+			// go on
+		}
+		CreateCommitStatus(ctx, job)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/commit_status.go b/services/actions/commit_status.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2698059
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/commit_status.go
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"path"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	git_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/git"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	actions_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
+	commitstatus_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/repository/commitstatus"
+
+	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/jobparser"
+)
+
+// CreateCommitStatus creates a commit status for the given job.
+// It won't return an error failed, but will log it, because it's not critical.
+func CreateCommitStatus(ctx context.Context, jobs ...*actions_model.ActionRunJob) {
+	for _, job := range jobs {
+		if err := createCommitStatus(ctx, job); err != nil {
+			log.Error("Failed to create commit status for job %d: %v", job.ID, err)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func createCommitStatus(ctx context.Context, job *actions_model.ActionRunJob) error {
+	if err := job.LoadAttributes(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("load run: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	run := job.Run
+
+	var (
+		sha   string
+		event string
+	)
+	switch run.Event {
+	case webhook_module.HookEventPush:
+		event = "push"
+		payload, err := run.GetPushEventPayload()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("GetPushEventPayload: %w", err)
+		}
+		if payload.HeadCommit == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("head commit is missing in event payload")
+		}
+		sha = payload.HeadCommit.ID
+	case webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync:
+		if run.TriggerEvent == actions_module.GithubEventPullRequestTarget {
+			event = "pull_request_target"
+		} else {
+			event = "pull_request"
+		}
+		payload, err := run.GetPullRequestEventPayload()
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("GetPullRequestEventPayload: %w", err)
+		}
+		if payload.PullRequest == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("pull request is missing in event payload")
+		} else if payload.PullRequest.Head == nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("head of pull request is missing in event payload")
+		}
+		sha = payload.PullRequest.Head.Sha
+	case webhook_module.HookEventRelease:
+		event = string(run.Event)
+		sha = run.CommitSHA
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	repo := run.Repo
+	// TODO: store workflow name as a field in ActionRun to avoid parsing
+	runName := path.Base(run.WorkflowID)
+	if wfs, err := jobparser.Parse(job.WorkflowPayload); err == nil && len(wfs) > 0 {
+		runName = wfs[0].Name
+	}
+	ctxname := fmt.Sprintf("%s / %s (%s)", runName, job.Name, event)
+	state := toCommitStatus(job.Status)
+	if statuses, _, err := git_model.GetLatestCommitStatus(ctx, repo.ID, sha, db.ListOptionsAll); err == nil {
+		for _, v := range statuses {
+			if v.Context == ctxname {
+				if v.State == state {
+					// no need to update
+					return nil
+				}
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	} else {
+		return fmt.Errorf("GetLatestCommitStatus: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	description := ""
+	switch job.Status {
+	// TODO: if we want support description in different languages, we need to support i18n placeholders in it
+	case actions_model.StatusSuccess:
+		description = fmt.Sprintf("Successful in %s", job.Duration())
+	case actions_model.StatusFailure:
+		description = fmt.Sprintf("Failing after %s", job.Duration())
+	case actions_model.StatusCancelled:
+		description = "Has been cancelled"
+	case actions_model.StatusSkipped:
+		description = "Has been skipped"
+	case actions_model.StatusRunning:
+		description = "Has started running"
+	case actions_model.StatusWaiting:
+		description = "Waiting to run"
+	case actions_model.StatusBlocked:
+		description = "Blocked by required conditions"
+	}
+
+	index, err := getIndexOfJob(ctx, job)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("getIndexOfJob: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	creator := user_model.NewActionsUser()
+	if err := commitstatus_service.CreateCommitStatus(ctx, repo, creator,
+		sha,
+		&git_model.CommitStatus{
+			SHA:         sha,
+			TargetURL:   fmt.Sprintf("%s/jobs/%d", run.Link(), index),
+			Description: description,
+			Context:     ctxname,
+			CreatorID:   creator.ID,
+			State:       state,
+		}); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("NewCommitStatus: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func toCommitStatus(status actions_model.Status) api.CommitStatusState {
+	switch status {
+	case actions_model.StatusSuccess, actions_model.StatusSkipped:
+		return api.CommitStatusSuccess
+	case actions_model.StatusFailure, actions_model.StatusCancelled:
+		return api.CommitStatusFailure
+	case actions_model.StatusWaiting, actions_model.StatusBlocked, actions_model.StatusRunning:
+		return api.CommitStatusPending
+	default:
+		return api.CommitStatusError
+	}
+}
+
+func getIndexOfJob(ctx context.Context, job *actions_model.ActionRunJob) (int, error) {
+	// TODO: store job index as a field in ActionRunJob to avoid this
+	jobs, err := actions_model.GetRunJobsByRunID(ctx, job.RunID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+	for i, v := range jobs {
+		if v.ID == job.ID {
+			return i, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, nil
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/init.go b/services/actions/init.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0f49cb6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/init.go
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/graceful"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/queue"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	notify_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/notify"
+)
+
+func Init() {
+	if !setting.Actions.Enabled {
+		return
+	}
+
+	jobEmitterQueue = queue.CreateUniqueQueue(graceful.GetManager().ShutdownContext(), "actions_ready_job", jobEmitterQueueHandler)
+	if jobEmitterQueue == nil {
+		log.Fatal("Unable to create actions_ready_job queue")
+	}
+	go graceful.GetManager().RunWithCancel(jobEmitterQueue)
+
+	notify_service.RegisterNotifier(NewNotifier())
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/interface.go b/services/actions/interface.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d4fa782
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/interface.go
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/context"
+
+// API for actions of a repository or organization
+type API interface {
+	// ListActionsSecrets list secrets
+	ListActionsSecrets(*context.APIContext)
+	// CreateOrUpdateSecret create or update a secret
+	CreateOrUpdateSecret(*context.APIContext)
+	// DeleteSecret delete a secret
+	DeleteSecret(*context.APIContext)
+	// ListVariables list variables
+	ListVariables(*context.APIContext)
+	// GetVariable get a variable
+	GetVariable(*context.APIContext)
+	// DeleteVariable delete a variable
+	DeleteVariable(*context.APIContext)
+	// CreateVariable create a variable
+	CreateVariable(*context.APIContext)
+	// UpdateVariable update a variable
+	UpdateVariable(*context.APIContext)
+	// GetRegistrationToken get registration token
+	GetRegistrationToken(*context.APIContext)
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/job_emitter.go b/services/actions/job_emitter.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1f859fc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/job_emitter.go
@@ -0,0 +1,162 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/graceful"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/queue"
+
+	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/jobparser"
+	"xorm.io/builder"
+)
+
+var jobEmitterQueue *queue.WorkerPoolQueue[*jobUpdate]
+
+type jobUpdate struct {
+	RunID int64
+}
+
+func EmitJobsIfReady(runID int64) error {
+	err := jobEmitterQueue.Push(&jobUpdate{
+		RunID: runID,
+	})
+	if errors.Is(err, queue.ErrAlreadyInQueue) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func jobEmitterQueueHandler(items ...*jobUpdate) []*jobUpdate {
+	ctx := graceful.GetManager().ShutdownContext()
+	var ret []*jobUpdate
+	for _, update := range items {
+		if err := checkJobsOfRun(ctx, update.RunID); err != nil {
+			ret = append(ret, update)
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+func checkJobsOfRun(ctx context.Context, runID int64) error {
+	jobs, err := db.Find[actions_model.ActionRunJob](ctx, actions_model.FindRunJobOptions{RunID: runID})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if err := db.WithTx(ctx, func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		idToJobs := make(map[string][]*actions_model.ActionRunJob, len(jobs))
+		for _, job := range jobs {
+			idToJobs[job.JobID] = append(idToJobs[job.JobID], job)
+		}
+
+		updates := newJobStatusResolver(jobs).Resolve()
+		for _, job := range jobs {
+			if status, ok := updates[job.ID]; ok {
+				job.Status = status
+				if n, err := actions_model.UpdateRunJob(ctx, job, builder.Eq{"status": actions_model.StatusBlocked}, "status"); err != nil {
+					return err
+				} else if n != 1 {
+					return fmt.Errorf("no affected for updating blocked job %v", job.ID)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		return nil
+	}); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	CreateCommitStatus(ctx, jobs...)
+	return nil
+}
+
+type jobStatusResolver struct {
+	statuses map[int64]actions_model.Status
+	needs    map[int64][]int64
+	jobMap   map[int64]*actions_model.ActionRunJob
+}
+
+func newJobStatusResolver(jobs actions_model.ActionJobList) *jobStatusResolver {
+	idToJobs := make(map[string][]*actions_model.ActionRunJob, len(jobs))
+	jobMap := make(map[int64]*actions_model.ActionRunJob)
+	for _, job := range jobs {
+		idToJobs[job.JobID] = append(idToJobs[job.JobID], job)
+		jobMap[job.ID] = job
+	}
+
+	statuses := make(map[int64]actions_model.Status, len(jobs))
+	needs := make(map[int64][]int64, len(jobs))
+	for _, job := range jobs {
+		statuses[job.ID] = job.Status
+		for _, need := range job.Needs {
+			for _, v := range idToJobs[need] {
+				needs[job.ID] = append(needs[job.ID], v.ID)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return &jobStatusResolver{
+		statuses: statuses,
+		needs:    needs,
+		jobMap:   jobMap,
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *jobStatusResolver) Resolve() map[int64]actions_model.Status {
+	ret := map[int64]actions_model.Status{}
+	for i := 0; i < len(r.statuses); i++ {
+		updated := r.resolve()
+		if len(updated) == 0 {
+			return ret
+		}
+		for k, v := range updated {
+			ret[k] = v
+			r.statuses[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
+
+func (r *jobStatusResolver) resolve() map[int64]actions_model.Status {
+	ret := map[int64]actions_model.Status{}
+	for id, status := range r.statuses {
+		if status != actions_model.StatusBlocked {
+			continue
+		}
+		allDone, allSucceed := true, true
+		for _, need := range r.needs[id] {
+			needStatus := r.statuses[need]
+			if !needStatus.IsDone() {
+				allDone = false
+			}
+			if needStatus.In(actions_model.StatusFailure, actions_model.StatusCancelled, actions_model.StatusSkipped) {
+				allSucceed = false
+			}
+		}
+		if allDone {
+			if allSucceed {
+				ret[id] = actions_model.StatusWaiting
+			} else {
+				// Check if the job has an "if" condition
+				hasIf := false
+				if wfJobs, _ := jobparser.Parse(r.jobMap[id].WorkflowPayload); len(wfJobs) == 1 {
+					_, wfJob := wfJobs[0].Job()
+					hasIf = len(wfJob.If.Value) > 0
+				}
+
+				if hasIf {
+					// act_runner will check the "if" condition
+					ret[id] = actions_model.StatusWaiting
+				} else {
+					// If the "if" condition is empty and not all dependent jobs completed successfully,
+					// the job should be skipped.
+					ret[id] = actions_model.StatusSkipped
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return ret
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/job_emitter_test.go b/services/actions/job_emitter_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..58c2dc3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/job_emitter_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func Test_jobStatusResolver_Resolve(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		jobs actions_model.ActionJobList
+		want map[int64]actions_model.Status
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "no blocked",
+			jobs: actions_model.ActionJobList{
+				{ID: 1, JobID: "1", Status: actions_model.StatusWaiting, Needs: []string{}},
+				{ID: 2, JobID: "2", Status: actions_model.StatusWaiting, Needs: []string{}},
+				{ID: 3, JobID: "3", Status: actions_model.StatusWaiting, Needs: []string{}},
+			},
+			want: map[int64]actions_model.Status{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "single blocked",
+			jobs: actions_model.ActionJobList{
+				{ID: 1, JobID: "1", Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, Needs: []string{}},
+				{ID: 2, JobID: "2", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"1"}},
+				{ID: 3, JobID: "3", Status: actions_model.StatusWaiting, Needs: []string{}},
+			},
+			want: map[int64]actions_model.Status{
+				2: actions_model.StatusWaiting,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "multiple blocked",
+			jobs: actions_model.ActionJobList{
+				{ID: 1, JobID: "1", Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, Needs: []string{}},
+				{ID: 2, JobID: "2", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"1"}},
+				{ID: 3, JobID: "3", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"1"}},
+			},
+			want: map[int64]actions_model.Status{
+				2: actions_model.StatusWaiting,
+				3: actions_model.StatusWaiting,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "chain blocked",
+			jobs: actions_model.ActionJobList{
+				{ID: 1, JobID: "1", Status: actions_model.StatusFailure, Needs: []string{}},
+				{ID: 2, JobID: "2", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"1"}},
+				{ID: 3, JobID: "3", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"2"}},
+			},
+			want: map[int64]actions_model.Status{
+				2: actions_model.StatusSkipped,
+				3: actions_model.StatusSkipped,
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "loop need",
+			jobs: actions_model.ActionJobList{
+				{ID: 1, JobID: "1", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"3"}},
+				{ID: 2, JobID: "2", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"1"}},
+				{ID: 3, JobID: "3", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"2"}},
+			},
+			want: map[int64]actions_model.Status{},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "`if` is not empty and all jobs in `needs` completed successfully",
+			jobs: actions_model.ActionJobList{
+				{ID: 1, JobID: "job1", Status: actions_model.StatusSuccess, Needs: []string{}},
+				{ID: 2, JobID: "job2", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"job1"}, WorkflowPayload: []byte(
+					`
+name: test
+on: push
+jobs:
+  job2:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: job1
+    if: ${{ always() && needs.job1.result == 'success' }}
+    steps:
+      - run: echo "will be checked by act_runner"
+`)},
+			},
+			want: map[int64]actions_model.Status{2: actions_model.StatusWaiting},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "`if` is not empty and not all jobs in `needs` completed successfully",
+			jobs: actions_model.ActionJobList{
+				{ID: 1, JobID: "job1", Status: actions_model.StatusFailure, Needs: []string{}},
+				{ID: 2, JobID: "job2", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"job1"}, WorkflowPayload: []byte(
+					`
+name: test
+on: push
+jobs:
+  job2:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: job1
+    if: ${{ always() && needs.job1.result == 'failure' }}
+    steps:
+      - run: echo "will be checked by act_runner"
+`)},
+			},
+			want: map[int64]actions_model.Status{2: actions_model.StatusWaiting},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "`if` is empty and not all jobs in `needs` completed successfully",
+			jobs: actions_model.ActionJobList{
+				{ID: 1, JobID: "job1", Status: actions_model.StatusFailure, Needs: []string{}},
+				{ID: 2, JobID: "job2", Status: actions_model.StatusBlocked, Needs: []string{"job1"}, WorkflowPayload: []byte(
+					`
+name: test
+on: push
+jobs:
+  job2:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: job1
+    steps:
+      - run: echo "should be skipped"
+`)},
+			},
+			want: map[int64]actions_model.Status{2: actions_model.StatusSkipped},
+		},
+	}
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			r := newJobStatusResolver(tt.jobs)
+			assert.Equal(t, tt.want, r.Resolve())
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/main_test.go b/services/actions/main_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..ea37ff5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/main_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+
+	_ "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	_ "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/activities"
+)
+
+func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
+	unittest.MainTest(m)
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/notifier.go b/services/actions/notifier.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e97afad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/notifier.go
@@ -0,0 +1,765 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	issues_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/issues"
+	packages_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/packages"
+	perm_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm"
+	access_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm/access"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/repository"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/convert"
+	notify_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/notify"
+)
+
+type actionsNotifier struct {
+	notify_service.NullNotifier
+}
+
+var _ notify_service.Notifier = &actionsNotifier{}
+
+// NewNotifier create a new actionsNotifier notifier
+func NewNotifier() notify_service.Notifier {
+	return &actionsNotifier{}
+}
+
+// NewIssue notifies issue created event
+func (n *actionsNotifier) NewIssue(ctx context.Context, issue *issues_model.Issue, _ []*user_model.User) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "NewIssue")
+	if err := issue.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("issue.LoadRepo: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := issue.LoadPoster(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("issue.LoadPoster: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, issue.Poster)
+
+	newNotifyInputFromIssue(issue, webhook_module.HookEventIssues).WithPayload(&api.IssuePayload{
+		Action:     api.HookIssueOpened,
+		Index:      issue.Index,
+		Issue:      convert.ToAPIIssue(ctx, issue.Poster, issue),
+		Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, issue.Repo, permission),
+		Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, issue.Poster, nil),
+	}).Notify(withMethod(ctx, "NewIssue"))
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) IssueChangeTitle(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, issue *issues_model.Issue, _ string) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "IssueChangeTitle")
+
+	n.issueChange(ctx, doer, issue)
+}
+
+// IssueChangeContent notifies change content of issue
+func (n *actionsNotifier) IssueChangeContent(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, issue *issues_model.Issue, _ string) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "IssueChangeContent")
+
+	n.issueChange(ctx, doer, issue)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) issueChange(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, issue *issues_model.Issue) {
+	var err error
+	if err = issue.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadRepo: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, issue.Poster)
+	if issue.IsPull {
+		if err = issue.LoadPullRequest(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Error("loadPullRequest: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		newNotifyInputFromIssue(issue, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest).
+			WithDoer(doer).
+			WithPayload(&api.PullRequestPayload{
+				Action:      api.HookIssueEdited,
+				Index:       issue.Index,
+				PullRequest: convert.ToAPIPullRequest(ctx, issue.PullRequest, nil),
+				Repository:  convert.ToRepo(ctx, issue.Repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeNone}),
+				Sender:      convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+			}).
+			WithPullRequest(issue.PullRequest).
+			Notify(ctx)
+		return
+	}
+	newNotifyInputFromIssue(issue, webhook_module.HookEventIssues).
+		WithDoer(doer).
+		WithPayload(&api.IssuePayload{
+			Action:     api.HookIssueEdited,
+			Index:      issue.Index,
+			Issue:      convert.ToAPIIssue(ctx, doer, issue),
+			Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, issue.Repo, permission),
+			Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		}).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+// IssueChangeStatus notifies close or reopen issue to notifiers
+func (n *actionsNotifier) IssueChangeStatus(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, commitID string, issue *issues_model.Issue, _ *issues_model.Comment, isClosed bool) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "IssueChangeStatus")
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, issue.Poster)
+	if issue.IsPull {
+		if err := issue.LoadPullRequest(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Error("LoadPullRequest: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		// Merge pull request calls issue.changeStatus so we need to handle separately.
+		apiPullRequest := &api.PullRequestPayload{
+			Index:       issue.Index,
+			PullRequest: convert.ToAPIPullRequest(ctx, issue.PullRequest, nil),
+			Repository:  convert.ToRepo(ctx, issue.Repo, permission),
+			Sender:      convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+			CommitID:    commitID,
+		}
+		if isClosed {
+			apiPullRequest.Action = api.HookIssueClosed
+		} else {
+			apiPullRequest.Action = api.HookIssueReOpened
+		}
+		newNotifyInputFromIssue(issue, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest).
+			WithDoer(doer).
+			WithPayload(apiPullRequest).
+			WithPullRequest(issue.PullRequest).
+			Notify(ctx)
+		return
+	}
+	apiIssue := &api.IssuePayload{
+		Index:      issue.Index,
+		Issue:      convert.ToAPIIssue(ctx, doer, issue),
+		Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, issue.Repo, permission),
+		Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+	}
+	if isClosed {
+		apiIssue.Action = api.HookIssueClosed
+	} else {
+		apiIssue.Action = api.HookIssueReOpened
+	}
+	newNotifyInputFromIssue(issue, webhook_module.HookEventIssues).
+		WithDoer(doer).
+		WithPayload(apiIssue).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+// IssueChangeAssignee notifies assigned or unassigned to notifiers
+func (n *actionsNotifier) IssueChangeAssignee(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, issue *issues_model.Issue, assignee *user_model.User, removed bool, comment *issues_model.Comment) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "IssueChangeAssignee")
+
+	var action api.HookIssueAction
+	if removed {
+		action = api.HookIssueUnassigned
+	} else {
+		action = api.HookIssueAssigned
+	}
+
+	hookEvent := webhook_module.HookEventIssueAssign
+	if issue.IsPull {
+		hookEvent = webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestAssign
+	}
+
+	notifyIssueChange(ctx, doer, issue, hookEvent, action)
+}
+
+// IssueChangeMilestone notifies assignee to notifiers
+func (n *actionsNotifier) IssueChangeMilestone(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, issue *issues_model.Issue, oldMilestoneID int64) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "IssueChangeMilestone")
+
+	var action api.HookIssueAction
+	if issue.MilestoneID > 0 {
+		action = api.HookIssueMilestoned
+	} else {
+		action = api.HookIssueDemilestoned
+	}
+
+	hookEvent := webhook_module.HookEventIssueMilestone
+	if issue.IsPull {
+		hookEvent = webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestMilestone
+	}
+
+	notifyIssueChange(ctx, doer, issue, hookEvent, action)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) IssueChangeLabels(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, issue *issues_model.Issue,
+	_, _ []*issues_model.Label,
+) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "IssueChangeLabels")
+
+	hookEvent := webhook_module.HookEventIssueLabel
+	if issue.IsPull {
+		hookEvent = webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestLabel
+	}
+
+	notifyIssueChange(ctx, doer, issue, hookEvent, api.HookIssueLabelUpdated)
+}
+
+func notifyIssueChange(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, issue *issues_model.Issue, event webhook_module.HookEventType, action api.HookIssueAction) {
+	var err error
+	if err = issue.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadRepo: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err = issue.LoadPoster(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadPoster: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if issue.IsPull {
+		if err = issue.LoadPullRequest(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Error("loadPullRequest: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		newNotifyInputFromIssue(issue, event).
+			WithDoer(doer).
+			WithPayload(&api.PullRequestPayload{
+				Action:      action,
+				Index:       issue.Index,
+				PullRequest: convert.ToAPIPullRequest(ctx, issue.PullRequest, nil),
+				Repository:  convert.ToRepo(ctx, issue.Repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeNone}),
+				Sender:      convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+			}).
+			WithPullRequest(issue.PullRequest).
+			Notify(ctx)
+		return
+	}
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, issue.Poster)
+	newNotifyInputFromIssue(issue, event).
+		WithDoer(doer).
+		WithPayload(&api.IssuePayload{
+			Action:     action,
+			Index:      issue.Index,
+			Issue:      convert.ToAPIIssue(ctx, doer, issue),
+			Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, issue.Repo, permission),
+			Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		}).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+// CreateIssueComment notifies comment on an issue to notifiers
+func (n *actionsNotifier) CreateIssueComment(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository,
+	issue *issues_model.Issue, comment *issues_model.Comment, _ []*user_model.User,
+) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "CreateIssueComment")
+
+	if issue.IsPull {
+		notifyIssueCommentChange(ctx, doer, comment, "", webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestComment, api.HookIssueCommentCreated)
+		return
+	}
+	notifyIssueCommentChange(ctx, doer, comment, "", webhook_module.HookEventIssueComment, api.HookIssueCommentCreated)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) UpdateComment(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, c *issues_model.Comment, oldContent string) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "UpdateComment")
+
+	if err := c.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadIssue: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if c.Issue.IsPull {
+		notifyIssueCommentChange(ctx, doer, c, oldContent, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestComment, api.HookIssueCommentEdited)
+		return
+	}
+	notifyIssueCommentChange(ctx, doer, c, oldContent, webhook_module.HookEventIssueComment, api.HookIssueCommentEdited)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) DeleteComment(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, comment *issues_model.Comment) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "DeleteComment")
+
+	if err := comment.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadIssue: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if comment.Issue.IsPull {
+		notifyIssueCommentChange(ctx, doer, comment, "", webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestComment, api.HookIssueCommentDeleted)
+		return
+	}
+	notifyIssueCommentChange(ctx, doer, comment, "", webhook_module.HookEventIssueComment, api.HookIssueCommentDeleted)
+}
+
+func notifyIssueCommentChange(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, comment *issues_model.Comment, oldContent string, event webhook_module.HookEventType, action api.HookIssueCommentAction) {
+	if err := comment.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadIssue: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := comment.Issue.LoadAttributes(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadAttributes: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, comment.Issue.Repo, doer)
+
+	payload := &api.IssueCommentPayload{
+		Action:     action,
+		Issue:      convert.ToAPIIssue(ctx, doer, comment.Issue),
+		Comment:    convert.ToAPIComment(ctx, comment.Issue.Repo, comment),
+		Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, comment.Issue.Repo, permission),
+		Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		IsPull:     comment.Issue.IsPull,
+	}
+
+	if action == api.HookIssueCommentEdited {
+		payload.Changes = &api.ChangesPayload{
+			Body: &api.ChangesFromPayload{
+				From: oldContent,
+			},
+		}
+	}
+
+	if comment.Issue.IsPull {
+		if err := comment.Issue.LoadPullRequest(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Error("LoadPullRequest: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		newNotifyInputFromIssue(comment.Issue, event).
+			WithDoer(doer).
+			WithPayload(payload).
+			WithPullRequest(comment.Issue.PullRequest).
+			Notify(ctx)
+		return
+	}
+
+	newNotifyInputFromIssue(comment.Issue, event).
+		WithDoer(doer).
+		WithPayload(payload).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) NewPullRequest(ctx context.Context, pull *issues_model.PullRequest, _ []*user_model.User) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "NewPullRequest")
+
+	if err := pull.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("pull.LoadIssue: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := pull.Issue.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("pull.Issue.LoadRepo: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if err := pull.Issue.LoadPoster(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("pull.Issue.LoadPoster: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, pull.Issue.Repo, pull.Issue.Poster)
+
+	newNotifyInputFromIssue(pull.Issue, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest).
+		WithPayload(&api.PullRequestPayload{
+			Action:      api.HookIssueOpened,
+			Index:       pull.Issue.Index,
+			PullRequest: convert.ToAPIPullRequest(ctx, pull, nil),
+			Repository:  convert.ToRepo(ctx, pull.Issue.Repo, permission),
+			Sender:      convert.ToUser(ctx, pull.Issue.Poster, nil),
+		}).
+		WithPullRequest(pull).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) CreateRepository(ctx context.Context, doer, u *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "CreateRepository")
+
+	newNotifyInput(repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventRepository).WithPayload(&api.RepositoryPayload{
+		Action:       api.HookRepoCreated,
+		Repository:   convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeOwner}),
+		Organization: convert.ToUser(ctx, u, nil),
+		Sender:       convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+	}).Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) ForkRepository(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, oldRepo, repo *repo_model.Repository) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "ForkRepository")
+
+	oldPermission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, oldRepo, doer)
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, repo, doer)
+
+	// forked webhook
+	newNotifyInput(oldRepo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventFork).WithPayload(&api.ForkPayload{
+		Forkee: convert.ToRepo(ctx, oldRepo, oldPermission),
+		Repo:   convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, permission),
+		Sender: convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+	}).Notify(ctx)
+
+	u := repo.MustOwner(ctx)
+
+	// Add to hook queue for created repo after session commit.
+	if u.IsOrganization() {
+		newNotifyInput(repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventRepository).
+			WithRef(git.RefNameFromBranch(oldRepo.DefaultBranch).String()).
+			WithPayload(&api.RepositoryPayload{
+				Action:       api.HookRepoCreated,
+				Repository:   convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeOwner}),
+				Organization: convert.ToUser(ctx, u, nil),
+				Sender:       convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+			}).Notify(ctx)
+	}
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) PullRequestReview(ctx context.Context, pr *issues_model.PullRequest, review *issues_model.Review, _ *issues_model.Comment, _ []*user_model.User) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "PullRequestReview")
+
+	var reviewHookType webhook_module.HookEventType
+
+	switch review.Type {
+	case issues_model.ReviewTypeApprove:
+		reviewHookType = webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestReviewApproved
+	case issues_model.ReviewTypeComment:
+		reviewHookType = webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestReviewComment
+	case issues_model.ReviewTypeReject:
+		reviewHookType = webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestReviewRejected
+	default:
+		// unsupported review webhook type here
+		log.Error("Unsupported review webhook type")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := pr.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("pr.LoadIssue: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	permission, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, review.Issue.Repo, review.Issue.Poster)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("models.GetUserRepoPermission: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	newNotifyInput(review.Issue.Repo, review.Reviewer, reviewHookType).
+		WithRef(review.CommitID).
+		WithPayload(&api.PullRequestPayload{
+			Action:      api.HookIssueReviewed,
+			Index:       review.Issue.Index,
+			PullRequest: convert.ToAPIPullRequest(ctx, pr, nil),
+			Repository:  convert.ToRepo(ctx, review.Issue.Repo, permission),
+			Sender:      convert.ToUser(ctx, review.Reviewer, nil),
+			Review: &api.ReviewPayload{
+				Type:    string(reviewHookType),
+				Content: review.Content,
+			},
+		}).Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) PullRequestReviewRequest(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, issue *issues_model.Issue, reviewer *user_model.User, isRequest bool, comment *issues_model.Comment) {
+	if !issue.IsPull {
+		log.Warn("PullRequestReviewRequest: issue is not a pull request: %v", issue.ID)
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "PullRequestReviewRequest")
+
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, issue.Repo, doer)
+	if err := issue.LoadPullRequest(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadPullRequest failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	var action api.HookIssueAction
+	if isRequest {
+		action = api.HookIssueReviewRequested
+	} else {
+		action = api.HookIssueReviewRequestRemoved
+	}
+	newNotifyInputFromIssue(issue, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestReviewRequest).
+		WithDoer(doer).
+		WithPayload(&api.PullRequestPayload{
+			Action:            action,
+			Index:             issue.Index,
+			PullRequest:       convert.ToAPIPullRequest(ctx, issue.PullRequest, nil),
+			RequestedReviewer: convert.ToUser(ctx, reviewer, nil),
+			Repository:        convert.ToRepo(ctx, issue.Repo, permission),
+			Sender:            convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		}).
+		WithPullRequest(issue.PullRequest).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (*actionsNotifier) MergePullRequest(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, pr *issues_model.PullRequest) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "MergePullRequest")
+
+	// Reload pull request information.
+	if err := pr.LoadAttributes(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadAttributes: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := pr.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadAttributes: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := pr.Issue.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("pr.Issue.LoadRepo: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	permission, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, pr.Issue.Repo, doer)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("models.GetUserRepoPermission: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Merge pull request calls issue.changeStatus so we need to handle separately.
+	apiPullRequest := &api.PullRequestPayload{
+		Index:       pr.Issue.Index,
+		PullRequest: convert.ToAPIPullRequest(ctx, pr, nil),
+		Repository:  convert.ToRepo(ctx, pr.Issue.Repo, permission),
+		Sender:      convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		Action:      api.HookIssueClosed,
+	}
+
+	newNotifyInput(pr.Issue.Repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest).
+		WithRef(pr.MergedCommitID).
+		WithPayload(apiPullRequest).
+		WithPullRequest(pr).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) PushCommits(ctx context.Context, pusher *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository, opts *repository.PushUpdateOptions, commits *repository.PushCommits) {
+	if git.IsEmptyCommitID(opts.NewCommitID, nil) {
+		log.Trace("new commitID is empty")
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "PushCommits")
+
+	apiPusher := convert.ToUser(ctx, pusher, nil)
+	apiCommits, apiHeadCommit, err := commits.ToAPIPayloadCommits(ctx, repo.RepoPath(), repo.HTMLURL())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("commits.ToAPIPayloadCommits failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	newNotifyInput(repo, pusher, webhook_module.HookEventPush).
+		WithRef(opts.RefFullName.String()).
+		WithPayload(&api.PushPayload{
+			Ref:        opts.RefFullName.String(),
+			Before:     opts.OldCommitID,
+			After:      opts.NewCommitID,
+			CompareURL: setting.AppURL + commits.CompareURL,
+			Commits:    apiCommits,
+			HeadCommit: apiHeadCommit,
+			Repo:       convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeOwner}),
+			Pusher:     apiPusher,
+			Sender:     apiPusher,
+		}).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) CreateRef(ctx context.Context, pusher *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository, refFullName git.RefName, refID string) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "CreateRef")
+
+	apiPusher := convert.ToUser(ctx, pusher, nil)
+	apiRepo := convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeNone})
+
+	newNotifyInput(repo, pusher, webhook_module.HookEventCreate).
+		WithRef(refFullName.String()).
+		WithPayload(&api.CreatePayload{
+			Ref:     refFullName.String(),
+			Sha:     refID,
+			RefType: refFullName.RefType(),
+			Repo:    apiRepo,
+			Sender:  apiPusher,
+		}).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) DeleteRef(ctx context.Context, pusher *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository, refFullName git.RefName) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "DeleteRef")
+
+	apiPusher := convert.ToUser(ctx, pusher, nil)
+	apiRepo := convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeNone})
+
+	newNotifyInput(repo, pusher, webhook_module.HookEventDelete).
+		WithPayload(&api.DeletePayload{
+			Ref:        refFullName.String(),
+			RefType:    refFullName.RefType(),
+			PusherType: api.PusherTypeUser,
+			Repo:       apiRepo,
+			Sender:     apiPusher,
+		}).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) SyncPushCommits(ctx context.Context, pusher *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository, opts *repository.PushUpdateOptions, commits *repository.PushCommits) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "SyncPushCommits")
+
+	apiPusher := convert.ToUser(ctx, pusher, nil)
+	apiCommits, apiHeadCommit, err := commits.ToAPIPayloadCommits(ctx, repo.RepoPath(), repo.HTMLURL())
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("commits.ToAPIPayloadCommits failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	newNotifyInput(repo, pusher, webhook_module.HookEventPush).
+		WithRef(opts.RefFullName.String()).
+		WithPayload(&api.PushPayload{
+			Ref:          opts.RefFullName.String(),
+			Before:       opts.OldCommitID,
+			After:        opts.NewCommitID,
+			CompareURL:   setting.AppURL + commits.CompareURL,
+			Commits:      apiCommits,
+			TotalCommits: commits.Len,
+			HeadCommit:   apiHeadCommit,
+			Repo:         convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeOwner}),
+			Pusher:       apiPusher,
+			Sender:       apiPusher,
+		}).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) SyncCreateRef(ctx context.Context, pusher *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository, refFullName git.RefName, refID string) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "SyncCreateRef")
+	n.CreateRef(ctx, pusher, repo, refFullName, refID)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) SyncDeleteRef(ctx context.Context, pusher *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository, refFullName git.RefName) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "SyncDeleteRef")
+	n.DeleteRef(ctx, pusher, repo, refFullName)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) NewRelease(ctx context.Context, rel *repo_model.Release) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "NewRelease")
+	notifyRelease(ctx, rel.Publisher, rel, api.HookReleasePublished)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) UpdateRelease(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, rel *repo_model.Release) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "UpdateRelease")
+	notifyRelease(ctx, doer, rel, api.HookReleaseUpdated)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) DeleteRelease(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, rel *repo_model.Release) {
+	if rel.IsTag {
+		// has sent same action in `PushCommits`, so skip it.
+		return
+	}
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "DeleteRelease")
+	notifyRelease(ctx, doer, rel, api.HookReleaseDeleted)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) PackageCreate(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, pd *packages_model.PackageDescriptor) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "PackageCreate")
+	notifyPackage(ctx, doer, pd, api.HookPackageCreated)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) PackageDelete(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, pd *packages_model.PackageDescriptor) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "PackageDelete")
+	notifyPackage(ctx, doer, pd, api.HookPackageDeleted)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) AutoMergePullRequest(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, pr *issues_model.PullRequest) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "AutoMergePullRequest")
+	n.MergePullRequest(ctx, doer, pr)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) PullRequestSynchronized(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, pr *issues_model.PullRequest) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "PullRequestSynchronized")
+
+	if err := pr.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadAttributes: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := pr.Issue.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("pr.Issue.LoadRepo: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	newNotifyInput(pr.Issue.Repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync).
+		WithPayload(&api.PullRequestPayload{
+			Action:      api.HookIssueSynchronized,
+			Index:       pr.Issue.Index,
+			PullRequest: convert.ToAPIPullRequest(ctx, pr, nil),
+			Repository:  convert.ToRepo(ctx, pr.Issue.Repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeNone}),
+			Sender:      convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		}).
+		WithPullRequest(pr).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) PullRequestChangeTargetBranch(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, pr *issues_model.PullRequest, oldBranch string) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "PullRequestChangeTargetBranch")
+
+	if err := pr.LoadIssue(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadAttributes: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := pr.Issue.LoadRepo(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("pr.Issue.LoadRepo: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, pr.Issue.Repo, pr.Issue.Poster)
+	newNotifyInput(pr.Issue.Repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest).
+		WithPayload(&api.PullRequestPayload{
+			Action: api.HookIssueEdited,
+			Index:  pr.Issue.Index,
+			Changes: &api.ChangesPayload{
+				Ref: &api.ChangesFromPayload{
+					From: oldBranch,
+				},
+			},
+			PullRequest: convert.ToAPIPullRequest(ctx, pr, nil),
+			Repository:  convert.ToRepo(ctx, pr.Issue.Repo, permission),
+			Sender:      convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		}).
+		WithPullRequest(pr).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) NewWikiPage(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository, page, comment string) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "NewWikiPage")
+
+	newNotifyInput(repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventWiki).WithPayload(&api.WikiPayload{
+		Action:     api.HookWikiCreated,
+		Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeOwner}),
+		Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		Page:       page,
+		Comment:    comment,
+	}).Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) EditWikiPage(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository, page, comment string) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "EditWikiPage")
+
+	newNotifyInput(repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventWiki).WithPayload(&api.WikiPayload{
+		Action:     api.HookWikiEdited,
+		Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeOwner}),
+		Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		Page:       page,
+		Comment:    comment,
+	}).Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func (n *actionsNotifier) DeleteWikiPage(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository, page string) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "DeleteWikiPage")
+
+	newNotifyInput(repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventWiki).WithPayload(&api.WikiPayload{
+		Action:     api.HookWikiDeleted,
+		Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeOwner}),
+		Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		Page:       page,
+	}).Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+// MigrateRepository is used to detect workflows after a repository has been migrated
+func (n *actionsNotifier) MigrateRepository(ctx context.Context, doer, u *user_model.User, repo *repo_model.Repository) {
+	ctx = withMethod(ctx, "MigrateRepository")
+
+	newNotifyInput(repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventRepository).WithPayload(&api.RepositoryPayload{
+		Action:       api.HookRepoCreated,
+		Repository:   convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access_model.Permission{AccessMode: perm_model.AccessModeOwner}),
+		Organization: convert.ToUser(ctx, u, nil),
+		Sender:       convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+	}).Notify(ctx)
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/notifier_helper.go b/services/actions/notifier_helper.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c4bf695
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/notifier_helper.go
@@ -0,0 +1,582 @@
+// Copyright 2022 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"slices"
+	"strings"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	issues_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/issues"
+	packages_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/packages"
+	access_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm/access"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	unit_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
+	user_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	actions_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/gitrepo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	api "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+	webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/convert"
+
+	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/jobparser"
+	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/model"
+)
+
+type methodCtx struct{}
+
+var methodCtxKey = methodCtx{}
+
+// withMethod sets the notification method that this context currently executes.
+// Used for debugging/ troubleshooting purposes.
+func withMethod(ctx context.Context, method string) context.Context {
+	// don't overwrite
+	if v := ctx.Value(methodCtxKey); v != nil {
+		if _, ok := v.(string); ok {
+			return ctx
+		}
+	}
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, methodCtxKey, method)
+}
+
+// getMethod gets the notification method that this context currently executes.
+// Default: "notify"
+// Used for debugging/ troubleshooting purposes.
+func getMethod(ctx context.Context) string {
+	if v := ctx.Value(methodCtxKey); v != nil {
+		if s, ok := v.(string); ok {
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+	return "notify"
+}
+
+type notifyInput struct {
+	// required
+	Repo  *repo_model.Repository
+	Doer  *user_model.User
+	Event webhook_module.HookEventType
+
+	// optional
+	Ref         git.RefName
+	Payload     api.Payloader
+	PullRequest *issues_model.PullRequest
+}
+
+func newNotifyInput(repo *repo_model.Repository, doer *user_model.User, event webhook_module.HookEventType) *notifyInput {
+	return &notifyInput{
+		Repo:  repo,
+		Doer:  doer,
+		Event: event,
+	}
+}
+
+func newNotifyInputForSchedules(repo *repo_model.Repository) *notifyInput {
+	// the doer here will be ignored as we force using action user when handling schedules
+	return newNotifyInput(repo, user_model.NewActionsUser(), webhook_module.HookEventSchedule)
+}
+
+func (input *notifyInput) WithDoer(doer *user_model.User) *notifyInput {
+	input.Doer = doer
+	return input
+}
+
+func (input *notifyInput) WithRef(ref string) *notifyInput {
+	input.Ref = git.RefName(ref)
+	return input
+}
+
+func (input *notifyInput) WithPayload(payload api.Payloader) *notifyInput {
+	input.Payload = payload
+	return input
+}
+
+func (input *notifyInput) WithPullRequest(pr *issues_model.PullRequest) *notifyInput {
+	input.PullRequest = pr
+	if input.Ref == "" {
+		input.Ref = git.RefName(pr.GetGitRefName())
+	}
+	return input
+}
+
+func (input *notifyInput) Notify(ctx context.Context) {
+	log.Trace("execute %v for event %v whose doer is %v", getMethod(ctx), input.Event, input.Doer.Name)
+
+	if err := notify(ctx, input); err != nil {
+		log.Error("an error occurred while executing the %s actions method: %v", getMethod(ctx), err)
+	}
+}
+
+func notify(ctx context.Context, input *notifyInput) error {
+	if input.Doer.IsActions() {
+		// avoiding triggering cyclically, for example:
+		// a comment of an issue will trigger the runner to add a new comment as reply,
+		// and the new comment will trigger the runner again.
+		log.Debug("ignore executing %v for event %v whose doer is %v", getMethod(ctx), input.Event, input.Doer.Name)
+		return nil
+	}
+	if input.Repo.IsEmpty || input.Repo.IsArchived {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if unit_model.TypeActions.UnitGlobalDisabled() {
+		if err := actions_model.CleanRepoScheduleTasks(ctx, input.Repo, true); err != nil {
+			log.Error("CleanRepoScheduleTasks: %v", err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+	if err := input.Repo.LoadUnits(ctx); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("repo.LoadUnits: %w", err)
+	} else if !input.Repo.UnitEnabled(ctx, unit_model.TypeActions) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	gitRepo, err := gitrepo.OpenRepository(context.Background(), input.Repo)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("git.OpenRepository: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer gitRepo.Close()
+
+	ref := input.Ref
+	if ref.BranchName() != input.Repo.DefaultBranch && actions_module.IsDefaultBranchWorkflow(input.Event) {
+		if ref != "" {
+			log.Warn("Event %q should only trigger workflows on the default branch, but its ref is %q. Will fall back to the default branch",
+				input.Event, ref)
+		}
+		ref = git.RefNameFromBranch(input.Repo.DefaultBranch)
+	}
+	if ref == "" {
+		log.Warn("Ref of event %q is empty, will fall back to the default branch", input.Event)
+		ref = git.RefNameFromBranch(input.Repo.DefaultBranch)
+	}
+
+	commitID, err := gitRepo.GetRefCommitID(ref.String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("gitRepo.GetRefCommitID: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Get the commit object for the ref
+	commit, err := gitRepo.GetCommit(commitID)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("gitRepo.GetCommit: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if skipWorkflows(input, commit) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if SkipPullRequestEvent(ctx, input.Event, input.Repo.ID, commit.ID.String()) {
+		log.Trace("repo %s with commit %s skip event %v", input.Repo.RepoPath(), commit.ID, input.Event)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var detectedWorkflows []*actions_module.DetectedWorkflow
+	actionsConfig := input.Repo.MustGetUnit(ctx, unit_model.TypeActions).ActionsConfig()
+	shouldDetectSchedules := input.Event == webhook_module.HookEventPush && input.Ref.BranchName() == input.Repo.DefaultBranch
+	workflows, schedules, err := actions_module.DetectWorkflows(gitRepo, commit,
+		input.Event,
+		input.Payload,
+		shouldDetectSchedules,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("DetectWorkflows: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Trace("repo %s with commit %s event %s find %d workflows and %d schedules",
+		input.Repo.RepoPath(),
+		commit.ID,
+		input.Event,
+		len(workflows),
+		len(schedules),
+	)
+
+	for _, wf := range workflows {
+		if actionsConfig.IsWorkflowDisabled(wf.EntryName) {
+			log.Trace("repo %s has disable workflows %s", input.Repo.RepoPath(), wf.EntryName)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if wf.TriggerEvent.Name != actions_module.GithubEventPullRequestTarget {
+			detectedWorkflows = append(detectedWorkflows, wf)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if input.PullRequest != nil {
+		// detect pull_request_target workflows
+		baseRef := git.BranchPrefix + input.PullRequest.BaseBranch
+		baseCommit, err := gitRepo.GetCommit(baseRef)
+		if err != nil {
+			if prp, ok := input.Payload.(*api.PullRequestPayload); ok && errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
+				// the baseBranch was deleted and the PR closed: the action can be skipped
+				if prp.Action == api.HookIssueClosed {
+					return nil
+				}
+			}
+			return fmt.Errorf("gitRepo.GetCommit: %w", err)
+		}
+		baseWorkflows, _, err := actions_module.DetectWorkflows(gitRepo, baseCommit, input.Event, input.Payload, false)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("DetectWorkflows: %w", err)
+		}
+		if len(baseWorkflows) == 0 {
+			log.Trace("repo %s with commit %s couldn't find pull_request_target workflows", input.Repo.RepoPath(), baseCommit.ID)
+		} else {
+			for _, wf := range baseWorkflows {
+				if wf.TriggerEvent.Name == actions_module.GithubEventPullRequestTarget {
+					detectedWorkflows = append(detectedWorkflows, wf)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if shouldDetectSchedules {
+		if err := handleSchedules(ctx, schedules, commit, input, ref.String()); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+
+	return handleWorkflows(ctx, detectedWorkflows, commit, input, ref.String())
+}
+
+func SkipPullRequestEvent(ctx context.Context, event webhook_module.HookEventType, repoID int64, commitSHA string) bool {
+	if event != webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	run := actions_model.ActionRun{
+		Event:     webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest,
+		RepoID:    repoID,
+		CommitSHA: commitSHA,
+	}
+	exist, err := db.GetEngine(ctx).Exist(&run)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Exist ActionRun %v: %v", run, err)
+		return false
+	}
+	return exist
+}
+
+func skipWorkflows(input *notifyInput, commit *git.Commit) bool {
+	// skip workflow runs with a configured skip-ci string in commit message or pr title if the event is push or pull_request(_sync)
+	// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/managing-workflow-runs/skipping-workflow-runs
+	skipWorkflowEvents := []webhook_module.HookEventType{
+		webhook_module.HookEventPush,
+		webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest,
+		webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync,
+	}
+	if slices.Contains(skipWorkflowEvents, input.Event) {
+		for _, s := range setting.Actions.SkipWorkflowStrings {
+			if input.PullRequest != nil && strings.Contains(input.PullRequest.Issue.Title, s) {
+				log.Debug("repo %s: skipped run for pr %v because of %s string", input.Repo.RepoPath(), input.PullRequest.Issue.ID, s)
+				return true
+			}
+			if strings.Contains(commit.CommitMessage, s) {
+				log.Debug("repo %s with commit %s: skipped run because of %s string", input.Repo.RepoPath(), commit.ID, s)
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+func handleWorkflows(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	detectedWorkflows []*actions_module.DetectedWorkflow,
+	commit *git.Commit,
+	input *notifyInput,
+	ref string,
+) error {
+	if len(detectedWorkflows) == 0 {
+		log.Trace("repo %s with commit %s couldn't find workflows", input.Repo.RepoPath(), commit.ID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	p, err := json.Marshal(input.Payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("json.Marshal: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	isForkPullRequest := false
+	if pr := input.PullRequest; pr != nil {
+		switch pr.Flow {
+		case issues_model.PullRequestFlowGithub:
+			isForkPullRequest = pr.IsFromFork()
+		case issues_model.PullRequestFlowAGit:
+			// There is no fork concept in agit flow, anyone with read permission can push refs/for/<target-branch>/<topic-branch> to the repo.
+			// So we can treat it as a fork pull request because it may be from an untrusted user
+			isForkPullRequest = true
+		default:
+			// unknown flow, assume it's a fork pull request to be safe
+			isForkPullRequest = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, dwf := range detectedWorkflows {
+		run := &actions_model.ActionRun{
+			Title:             strings.SplitN(commit.CommitMessage, "\n", 2)[0],
+			RepoID:            input.Repo.ID,
+			OwnerID:           input.Repo.OwnerID,
+			WorkflowID:        dwf.EntryName,
+			TriggerUserID:     input.Doer.ID,
+			Ref:               ref,
+			CommitSHA:         commit.ID.String(),
+			IsForkPullRequest: isForkPullRequest,
+			Event:             input.Event,
+			EventPayload:      string(p),
+			TriggerEvent:      dwf.TriggerEvent.Name,
+			Status:            actions_model.StatusWaiting,
+		}
+
+		need, err := ifNeedApproval(ctx, run, input.Repo, input.Doer)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("check if need approval for repo %d with user %d: %v", input.Repo.ID, input.Doer.ID, err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		run.NeedApproval = need
+
+		if err := run.LoadAttributes(ctx); err != nil {
+			log.Error("LoadAttributes: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		vars, err := actions_model.GetVariablesOfRun(ctx, run)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("GetVariablesOfRun: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		jobs, err := jobparser.Parse(dwf.Content, jobparser.WithVars(vars))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("jobparser.Parse: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// cancel running jobs if the event is push or pull_request_sync
+		if run.Event == webhook_module.HookEventPush ||
+			run.Event == webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync {
+			if err := actions_model.CancelPreviousJobs(
+				ctx,
+				run.RepoID,
+				run.Ref,
+				run.WorkflowID,
+				run.Event,
+			); err != nil {
+				log.Error("CancelPreviousJobs: %v", err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := actions_model.InsertRun(ctx, run, jobs); err != nil {
+			log.Error("InsertRun: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		alljobs, err := db.Find[actions_model.ActionRunJob](ctx, actions_model.FindRunJobOptions{RunID: run.ID})
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("FindRunJobs: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		CreateCommitStatus(ctx, alljobs...)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newNotifyInputFromIssue(issue *issues_model.Issue, event webhook_module.HookEventType) *notifyInput {
+	return newNotifyInput(issue.Repo, issue.Poster, event)
+}
+
+func notifyRelease(ctx context.Context, doer *user_model.User, rel *repo_model.Release, action api.HookReleaseAction) {
+	if err := rel.LoadAttributes(ctx); err != nil {
+		log.Error("LoadAttributes: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	permission, _ := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, rel.Repo, doer)
+
+	newNotifyInput(rel.Repo, doer, webhook_module.HookEventRelease).
+		WithRef(git.RefNameFromTag(rel.TagName).String()).
+		WithPayload(&api.ReleasePayload{
+			Action:     action,
+			Release:    convert.ToAPIRelease(ctx, rel.Repo, rel),
+			Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, rel.Repo, permission),
+			Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		}).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func notifyPackage(ctx context.Context, sender *user_model.User, pd *packages_model.PackageDescriptor, action api.HookPackageAction) {
+	if pd.Repository == nil {
+		// When a package is uploaded to an organization, it could trigger an event to notify.
+		// So the repository could be nil, however, actions can't support that yet.
+		// See https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/17940
+		return
+	}
+
+	apiPackage, err := convert.ToPackage(ctx, pd, sender)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("Error converting package: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	newNotifyInput(pd.Repository, sender, webhook_module.HookEventPackage).
+		WithPayload(&api.PackagePayload{
+			Action:  action,
+			Package: apiPackage,
+			Sender:  convert.ToUser(ctx, sender, nil),
+		}).
+		Notify(ctx)
+}
+
+func ifNeedApproval(ctx context.Context, run *actions_model.ActionRun, repo *repo_model.Repository, user *user_model.User) (bool, error) {
+	// 1. don't need approval if it's not a fork PR
+	// 2. don't need approval if the event is `pull_request_target` since the workflow will run in the context of base branch
+	// 		see https://docs.github.com/en/actions/managing-workflow-runs/approving-workflow-runs-from-public-forks#about-workflow-runs-from-public-forks
+	if !run.IsForkPullRequest || run.TriggerEvent == actions_module.GithubEventPullRequestTarget {
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	// always need approval if the user is restricted
+	if user.IsRestricted {
+		log.Trace("need approval because user %d is restricted", user.ID)
+		return true, nil
+	}
+
+	// don't need approval if the user can write
+	if perm, err := access_model.GetUserRepoPermission(ctx, repo, user); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("GetUserRepoPermission: %w", err)
+	} else if perm.CanWrite(unit_model.TypeActions) {
+		log.Trace("do not need approval because user %d can write", user.ID)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	// don't need approval if the user has been approved before
+	if count, err := db.Count[actions_model.ActionRun](ctx, actions_model.FindRunOptions{
+		RepoID:        repo.ID,
+		TriggerUserID: user.ID,
+		Approved:      true,
+	}); err != nil {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("CountRuns: %w", err)
+	} else if count > 0 {
+		log.Trace("do not need approval because user %d has been approved before", user.ID)
+		return false, nil
+	}
+
+	// otherwise, need approval
+	log.Trace("need approval because it's the first time user %d triggered actions", user.ID)
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+func handleSchedules(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	detectedWorkflows []*actions_module.DetectedWorkflow,
+	commit *git.Commit,
+	input *notifyInput,
+	_ string,
+) error {
+	branch, err := commit.GetBranchName()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if branch != input.Repo.DefaultBranch {
+		log.Trace("commit branch is not default branch in repo")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if count, err := db.Count[actions_model.ActionSchedule](ctx, actions_model.FindScheduleOptions{RepoID: input.Repo.ID}); err != nil {
+		log.Error("CountSchedules: %v", err)
+		return err
+	} else if count > 0 {
+		if err := actions_model.CleanRepoScheduleTasks(ctx, input.Repo, false); err != nil {
+			log.Error("CleanRepoScheduleTasks: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(detectedWorkflows) == 0 {
+		log.Trace("repo %s with commit %s couldn't find schedules", input.Repo.RepoPath(), commit.ID)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	payload := &api.SchedulePayload{
+		Action: api.HookScheduleCreated,
+	}
+
+	p, err := json.Marshal(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("json.Marshal: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	crons := make([]*actions_model.ActionSchedule, 0, len(detectedWorkflows))
+	for _, dwf := range detectedWorkflows {
+		// Check cron job condition. Only working in default branch
+		workflow, err := model.ReadWorkflow(bytes.NewReader(dwf.Content))
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Error("ReadWorkflow: %v", err)
+			continue
+		}
+		schedules := workflow.OnSchedule()
+		if len(schedules) == 0 {
+			log.Warn("no schedule event")
+			continue
+		}
+
+		run := &actions_model.ActionSchedule{
+			Title:         strings.SplitN(commit.CommitMessage, "\n", 2)[0],
+			RepoID:        input.Repo.ID,
+			OwnerID:       input.Repo.OwnerID,
+			WorkflowID:    dwf.EntryName,
+			TriggerUserID: user_model.ActionsUserID,
+			Ref:           input.Repo.DefaultBranch,
+			CommitSHA:     commit.ID.String(),
+			Event:         input.Event,
+			EventPayload:  string(p),
+			Specs:         schedules,
+			Content:       dwf.Content,
+		}
+		crons = append(crons, run)
+	}
+
+	return actions_model.CreateScheduleTask(ctx, crons)
+}
+
+// DetectAndHandleSchedules detects the schedule workflows on the default branch and create schedule tasks
+func DetectAndHandleSchedules(ctx context.Context, repo *repo_model.Repository) error {
+	if repo.IsEmpty || repo.IsArchived {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	gitRepo, err := gitrepo.OpenRepository(context.Background(), repo)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("git.OpenRepository: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer gitRepo.Close()
+
+	// Only detect schedule workflows on the default branch
+	commit, err := gitRepo.GetCommit(repo.DefaultBranch)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("gitRepo.GetCommit: %w", err)
+	}
+	scheduleWorkflows, err := actions_module.DetectScheduledWorkflows(gitRepo, commit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("detect schedule workflows: %w", err)
+	}
+	if len(scheduleWorkflows) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// We need a notifyInput to call handleSchedules
+	// if repo is a mirror, commit author maybe an external user,
+	// so we use action user as the Doer of the notifyInput
+	notifyInput := newNotifyInputForSchedules(repo)
+
+	return handleSchedules(ctx, scheduleWorkflows, commit, notifyInput, repo.DefaultBranch)
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/notifier_helper_test.go b/services/actions/notifier_helper_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0fa40c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/notifier_helper_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Forgejo Authors
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unittest"
+	webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func Test_SkipPullRequestEvent(t *testing.T) {
+	require.NoError(t, unittest.PrepareTestDatabase())
+
+	repoID := int64(1)
+	commitSHA := "1234"
+
+	// event is not webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync, never skip
+	assert.False(t, SkipPullRequestEvent(db.DefaultContext, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest, repoID, commitSHA))
+
+	// event is webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync but there is nothing in the ActionRun table, do not skip
+	assert.False(t, SkipPullRequestEvent(db.DefaultContext, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync, repoID, commitSHA))
+
+	// there is a webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest event but the SHA is different, do not skip
+	index := int64(1)
+	run := &actions_model.ActionRun{
+		Index:     index,
+		Event:     webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest,
+		RepoID:    repoID,
+		CommitSHA: "othersha",
+	}
+	unittest.AssertSuccessfulInsert(t, run)
+	assert.False(t, SkipPullRequestEvent(db.DefaultContext, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync, repoID, commitSHA))
+
+	// there already is a webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest with the same SHA, skip
+	index++
+	run = &actions_model.ActionRun{
+		Index:     index,
+		Event:     webhook_module.HookEventPullRequest,
+		RepoID:    repoID,
+		CommitSHA: commitSHA,
+	}
+	unittest.AssertSuccessfulInsert(t, run)
+	assert.True(t, SkipPullRequestEvent(db.DefaultContext, webhook_module.HookEventPullRequestSync, repoID, commitSHA))
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/rerun.go b/services/actions/rerun.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..60f6650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/rerun.go
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/container"
+)
+
+// GetAllRerunJobs get all jobs that need to be rerun when job should be rerun
+func GetAllRerunJobs(job *actions_model.ActionRunJob, allJobs []*actions_model.ActionRunJob) []*actions_model.ActionRunJob {
+	rerunJobs := []*actions_model.ActionRunJob{job}
+	rerunJobsIDSet := make(container.Set[string])
+	rerunJobsIDSet.Add(job.JobID)
+
+	for {
+		found := false
+		for _, j := range allJobs {
+			if rerunJobsIDSet.Contains(j.JobID) {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, need := range j.Needs {
+				if rerunJobsIDSet.Contains(need) {
+					found = true
+					rerunJobs = append(rerunJobs, j)
+					rerunJobsIDSet.Add(j.JobID)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return rerunJobs
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/rerun_test.go b/services/actions/rerun_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a98de7b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/rerun_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
+)
+
+func TestGetAllRerunJobs(t *testing.T) {
+	job1 := &actions_model.ActionRunJob{JobID: "job1"}
+	job2 := &actions_model.ActionRunJob{JobID: "job2", Needs: []string{"job1"}}
+	job3 := &actions_model.ActionRunJob{JobID: "job3", Needs: []string{"job2"}}
+	job4 := &actions_model.ActionRunJob{JobID: "job4", Needs: []string{"job2", "job3"}}
+
+	jobs := []*actions_model.ActionRunJob{job1, job2, job3, job4}
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		job       *actions_model.ActionRunJob
+		rerunJobs []*actions_model.ActionRunJob
+	}{
+		{
+			job1,
+			[]*actions_model.ActionRunJob{job1, job2, job3, job4},
+		},
+		{
+			job2,
+			[]*actions_model.ActionRunJob{job2, job3, job4},
+		},
+		{
+			job3,
+			[]*actions_model.ActionRunJob{job3, job4},
+		},
+		{
+			job4,
+			[]*actions_model.ActionRunJob{job4},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		rerunJobs := GetAllRerunJobs(tc.job, jobs)
+		assert.ElementsMatch(t, tc.rerunJobs, rerunJobs)
+	}
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/schedule_tasks.go b/services/actions/schedule_tasks.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..18f3324
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/schedule_tasks.go
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Copyright 2023 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/db"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/unit"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/timeutil"
+	webhook_module "code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
+
+	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/jobparser"
+)
+
+// StartScheduleTasks start the task
+func StartScheduleTasks(ctx context.Context) error {
+	return startTasks(ctx)
+}
+
+// startTasks retrieves specifications in pages, creates a schedule task for each specification,
+// and updates the specification's next run time and previous run time.
+// The function returns an error if there's an issue with finding or updating the specifications.
+func startTasks(ctx context.Context) error {
+	// Set the page size
+	pageSize := 50
+
+	// Retrieve specs in pages until all specs have been retrieved
+	now := time.Now()
+	for page := 1; ; page++ {
+		// Retrieve the specs for the current page
+		specs, _, err := actions_model.FindSpecs(ctx, actions_model.FindSpecOptions{
+			ListOptions: db.ListOptions{
+				Page:     page,
+				PageSize: pageSize,
+			},
+			Next: now.Unix(),
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("find specs: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		if err := specs.LoadRepos(ctx); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("LoadRepos: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		// Loop through each spec and create a schedule task for it
+		for _, row := range specs {
+			// cancel running jobs if the event is push
+			if row.Schedule.Event == webhook_module.HookEventPush {
+				// cancel running jobs of the same workflow
+				if err := actions_model.CancelPreviousJobs(
+					ctx,
+					row.RepoID,
+					row.Schedule.Ref,
+					row.Schedule.WorkflowID,
+					webhook_module.HookEventSchedule,
+				); err != nil {
+					log.Error("CancelPreviousJobs: %v", err)
+				}
+			}
+
+			if row.Repo.IsArchived {
+				// Skip if the repo is archived
+				continue
+			}
+
+			cfg, err := row.Repo.GetUnit(ctx, unit.TypeActions)
+			if err != nil {
+				if repo_model.IsErrUnitTypeNotExist(err) {
+					// Skip the actions unit of this repo is disabled.
+					continue
+				}
+				return fmt.Errorf("GetUnit: %w", err)
+			}
+			if cfg.ActionsConfig().IsWorkflowDisabled(row.Schedule.WorkflowID) {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if err := CreateScheduleTask(ctx, row.Schedule); err != nil {
+				log.Error("CreateScheduleTask: %v", err)
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// Parse the spec
+			schedule, err := row.Parse()
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Error("Parse: %v", err)
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// Update the spec's next run time and previous run time
+			row.Prev = row.Next
+			row.Next = timeutil.TimeStamp(schedule.Next(now.Add(1 * time.Minute)).Unix())
+			if err := actions_model.UpdateScheduleSpec(ctx, row, "prev", "next"); err != nil {
+				log.Error("UpdateScheduleSpec: %v", err)
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Stop if all specs have been retrieved
+		if len(specs) < pageSize {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CreateScheduleTask creates a scheduled task from a cron action schedule.
+// It creates an action run based on the schedule, inserts it into the database, and creates commit statuses for each job.
+func CreateScheduleTask(ctx context.Context, cron *actions_model.ActionSchedule) error {
+	// Create a new action run based on the schedule
+	run := &actions_model.ActionRun{
+		Title:         cron.Title,
+		RepoID:        cron.RepoID,
+		OwnerID:       cron.OwnerID,
+		WorkflowID:    cron.WorkflowID,
+		TriggerUserID: cron.TriggerUserID,
+		Ref:           cron.Ref,
+		CommitSHA:     cron.CommitSHA,
+		Event:         cron.Event,
+		EventPayload:  cron.EventPayload,
+		TriggerEvent:  string(webhook_module.HookEventSchedule),
+		ScheduleID:    cron.ID,
+		Status:        actions_model.StatusWaiting,
+	}
+
+	vars, err := actions_model.GetVariablesOfRun(ctx, run)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Error("GetVariablesOfRun: %v", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Parse the workflow specification from the cron schedule
+	workflows, err := jobparser.Parse(cron.Content, jobparser.WithVars(vars))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Insert the action run and its associated jobs into the database
+	if err := actions_model.InsertRun(ctx, run, workflows); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Return nil if no errors occurred
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/variables.go b/services/actions/variables.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8dde9c4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/variables.go
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+// Copyright 2024 The Gitea Authors. All rights reserved.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"regexp"
+	"strings"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/log"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/util"
+	secret_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/secrets"
+)
+
+func CreateVariable(ctx context.Context, ownerID, repoID int64, name, data string) (*actions_model.ActionVariable, error) {
+	if err := secret_service.ValidateName(name); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if err := envNameCIRegexMatch(name); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	v, err := actions_model.InsertVariable(ctx, ownerID, repoID, name, util.ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(data))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	return v, nil
+}
+
+func UpdateVariable(ctx context.Context, variableID int64, name, data string) (bool, error) {
+	if err := secret_service.ValidateName(name); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	if err := envNameCIRegexMatch(name); err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	return actions_model.UpdateVariable(ctx, &actions_model.ActionVariable{
+		ID:   variableID,
+		Name: strings.ToUpper(name),
+		Data: util.ReserveLineBreakForTextarea(data),
+	})
+}
+
+func DeleteVariableByID(ctx context.Context, variableID int64) error {
+	return actions_model.DeleteVariable(ctx, variableID)
+}
+
+func DeleteVariableByName(ctx context.Context, ownerID, repoID int64, name string) error {
+	if err := secret_service.ValidateName(name); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if err := envNameCIRegexMatch(name); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	v, err := GetVariable(ctx, actions_model.FindVariablesOpts{
+		OwnerID: ownerID,
+		RepoID:  repoID,
+		Name:    name,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return actions_model.DeleteVariable(ctx, v.ID)
+}
+
+func GetVariable(ctx context.Context, opts actions_model.FindVariablesOpts) (*actions_model.ActionVariable, error) {
+	vars, err := actions_model.FindVariables(ctx, opts)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(vars) != 1 {
+		return nil, util.NewNotExistErrorf("variable not found")
+	}
+	return vars[0], nil
+}
+
+// some regular expression of `variables` and `secrets`
+// reference to:
+// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/variables#naming-conventions-for-configuration-variables
+// https://docs.github.com/en/actions/security-guides/encrypted-secrets#naming-your-secrets
+var (
+	forbiddenEnvNameCIRx = regexp.MustCompile("(?i)^CI")
+)
+
+func envNameCIRegexMatch(name string) error {
+	if forbiddenEnvNameCIRx.MatchString(name) {
+		log.Error("Env Name cannot be ci")
+		return util.NewInvalidArgumentErrorf("env name cannot be ci")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
diff --git a/services/actions/workflows.go b/services/actions/workflows.go
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e2fb316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/services/actions/workflows.go
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright The Forgejo Authors.
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
+
+package actions
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"strconv"
+
+	actions_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/perm/access"
+	repo_model "code.gitea.io/gitea/models/repo"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/models/user"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/actions"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/git"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/json"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/setting"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/structs"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/modules/webhook"
+	"code.gitea.io/gitea/services/convert"
+
+	"github.com/nektos/act/pkg/jobparser"
+	act_model "github.com/nektos/act/pkg/model"
+)
+
+type InputRequiredErr struct {
+	Name string
+}
+
+func (err InputRequiredErr) Error() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("input required for '%s'", err.Name)
+}
+
+func IsInputRequiredErr(err error) bool {
+	_, ok := err.(InputRequiredErr)
+	return ok
+}
+
+type Workflow struct {
+	WorkflowID string
+	Ref        string
+	Commit     *git.Commit
+	GitEntry   *git.TreeEntry
+}
+
+type InputValueGetter func(key string) string
+
+func (entry *Workflow) Dispatch(ctx context.Context, inputGetter InputValueGetter, repo *repo_model.Repository, doer *user.User) error {
+	content, err := actions.GetContentFromEntry(entry.GitEntry)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	wf, err := act_model.ReadWorkflow(bytes.NewReader(content))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fullWorkflowID := ".forgejo/workflows/" + entry.WorkflowID
+
+	title := wf.Name
+	if len(title) < 1 {
+		title = fullWorkflowID
+	}
+
+	inputs := make(map[string]string)
+	if workflowDispatch := wf.WorkflowDispatchConfig(); workflowDispatch != nil {
+		for key, input := range workflowDispatch.Inputs {
+			val := inputGetter(key)
+			if len(val) == 0 {
+				val = input.Default
+				if len(val) == 0 {
+					if input.Required {
+						name := input.Description
+						if len(name) == 0 {
+							name = key
+						}
+						return InputRequiredErr{Name: name}
+					}
+					continue
+				}
+			} else if input.Type == "boolean" {
+				// Since "boolean" inputs are rendered as a checkbox in html, the value inside the form is "on"
+				val = strconv.FormatBool(val == "on")
+			}
+			inputs[key] = val
+		}
+	}
+
+	if int64(len(inputs)) > setting.Actions.LimitDispatchInputs {
+		return errors.New("to many inputs")
+	}
+
+	payload := &structs.WorkflowDispatchPayload{
+		Inputs:     inputs,
+		Ref:        entry.Ref,
+		Repository: convert.ToRepo(ctx, repo, access.Permission{AccessMode: perm.AccessModeNone}),
+		Sender:     convert.ToUser(ctx, doer, nil),
+		Workflow:   fullWorkflowID,
+	}
+
+	p, err := json.Marshal(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	run := &actions_model.ActionRun{
+		Title:         title,
+		RepoID:        repo.ID,
+		Repo:          repo,
+		OwnerID:       repo.OwnerID,
+		WorkflowID:    entry.WorkflowID,
+		TriggerUserID: doer.ID,
+		TriggerUser:   doer,
+		Ref:           entry.Ref,
+		CommitSHA:     entry.Commit.ID.String(),
+		Event:         webhook.HookEventWorkflowDispatch,
+		EventPayload:  string(p),
+		TriggerEvent:  string(webhook.HookEventWorkflowDispatch),
+		Status:        actions_model.StatusWaiting,
+	}
+
+	vars, err := actions_model.GetVariablesOfRun(ctx, run)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	jobs, err := jobparser.Parse(content, jobparser.WithVars(vars))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return actions_model.InsertRun(ctx, run, jobs)
+}
+
+func GetWorkflowFromCommit(gitRepo *git.Repository, ref, workflowID string) (*Workflow, error) {
+	ref, err := gitRepo.ExpandRef(ref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	commit, err := gitRepo.GetCommit(ref)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	entries, err := actions.ListWorkflows(commit)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var workflowEntry *git.TreeEntry
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.Name() == workflowID {
+			workflowEntry = entry
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if workflowEntry == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("workflow not found")
+	}
+
+	return &Workflow{
+		WorkflowID: workflowID,
+		Ref:        ref,
+		Commit:     commit,
+		GitEntry:   workflowEntry,
+	}, nil
+}