fix: extend `forgejo_auth_token` table

- Add a `purpose` column, this allows the `forgejo_auth_token` table to
be used by other parts of Forgejo, while still enjoying the
no-compromise architecture.
- Remove the 'roll your own crypto' time limited code functions and
migrate them to the `forgejo_auth_token` table. This migration ensures
generated codes can only be used for their purpose and ensure they are
invalidated after their usage by deleting it from the database, this
also should help making auditing of the security code easier, as we're
no longer trying to stuff a lot of data into a HMAC construction.
-Helper functions are rewritten to ensure a safe-by-design approach to
these tokens.
- Add the `forgejo_auth_token` to dbconsistency doctor and add it to the
`deleteUser` function.
- TODO: Add cron job to delete expired authorization tokens.
- Unit and integration tests added.

3 files changed, 71 insertions, 58 deletions

diff --git a/routers/web/auth/auth.go b/routers/web/auth/auth.go
index 1f5ebef7d7..941586db72 100644
--- a/routers/web/auth/auth.go
+++ b/routers/web/auth/auth.go
@@ -5,8 +5,6 @@
 package auth
 
 import (
-	"crypto/subtle"
-	"encoding/hex"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net/http"
@@ -63,38 +61,11 @@ func autoSignIn(ctx *context.Context) (bool, error) {
 		return false, nil
 	}
 
-	lookupKey, validator, found := strings.Cut(authCookie, ":")
-	if !found {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	authToken, err := auth.FindAuthToken(ctx, lookupKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, util.ErrNotExist) {
-			return false, nil
-		}
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	if authToken.IsExpired() {
-		err = auth.DeleteAuthToken(ctx, authToken)
-		return false, err
-	}
-
-	rawValidator, err := hex.DecodeString(validator)
+	u, err := user_model.VerifyUserAuthorizationToken(ctx, authCookie, auth.LongTermAuthorization, false)
 	if err != nil {
-		return false, err
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("VerifyUserAuthorizationToken: %w", err)
 	}
-
-	if subtle.ConstantTimeCompare([]byte(authToken.HashedValidator), []byte(auth.HashValidator(rawValidator))) == 0 {
-		return false, nil
-	}
-
-	u, err := user_model.GetUserByID(ctx, authToken.UID)
-	if err != nil {
-		if !user_model.IsErrUserNotExist(err) {
-			return false, fmt.Errorf("GetUserByID: %w", err)
-		}
+	if u == nil {
 		return false, nil
 	}
 
@@ -633,7 +604,10 @@ func handleUserCreated(ctx *context.Context, u *user_model.User, gothUser *goth.
 			return false
 		}
 
-		mailer.SendActivateAccountMail(ctx.Locale, u)
+		if err := mailer.SendActivateAccountMail(ctx, u); err != nil {
+			ctx.ServerError("SendActivateAccountMail", err)
+			return false
+		}
 
 		ctx.Data["IsSendRegisterMail"] = true
 		ctx.Data["Email"] = u.Email
@@ -674,7 +648,10 @@ func Activate(ctx *context.Context) {
 				ctx.Data["ResendLimited"] = true
 			} else {
 				ctx.Data["ActiveCodeLives"] = timeutil.MinutesToFriendly(setting.Service.ActiveCodeLives, ctx.Locale)
-				mailer.SendActivateAccountMail(ctx.Locale, ctx.Doer)
+				if err := mailer.SendActivateAccountMail(ctx, ctx.Doer); err != nil {
+					ctx.ServerError("SendActivateAccountMail", err)
+					return
+				}
 
 				if err := ctx.Cache.Put(cacheKey+ctx.Doer.LowerName, ctx.Doer.LowerName, 180); err != nil {
 					log.Error("Set cache(MailResendLimit) fail: %v", err)
@@ -687,7 +664,12 @@ func Activate(ctx *context.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	user := user_model.VerifyUserActiveCode(ctx, code)
+	user, err := user_model.VerifyUserAuthorizationToken(ctx, code, auth.UserActivation, false)
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ServerError("VerifyUserAuthorizationToken", err)
+		return
+	}
+
 	// if code is wrong
 	if user == nil {
 		ctx.Data["IsCodeInvalid"] = true
@@ -751,7 +733,12 @@ func ActivatePost(ctx *context.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	user := user_model.VerifyUserActiveCode(ctx, code)
+	user, err := user_model.VerifyUserAuthorizationToken(ctx, code, auth.UserActivation, true)
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ServerError("VerifyUserAuthorizationToken", err)
+		return
+	}
+
 	// if code is wrong
 	if user == nil {
 		ctx.Data["IsCodeInvalid"] = true
@@ -835,24 +822,33 @@ func ActivateEmail(ctx *context.Context) {
 	code := ctx.FormString("code")
 	emailStr := ctx.FormString("email")
 
-	// Verify code.
-	if email := user_model.VerifyActiveEmailCode(ctx, code, emailStr); email != nil {
-		if err := user_model.ActivateEmail(ctx, email); err != nil {
-			ctx.ServerError("ActivateEmail", err)
-			return
-		}
+	u, err := user_model.VerifyUserAuthorizationToken(ctx, code, auth.EmailActivation(emailStr), true)
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ServerError("VerifyUserAuthorizationToken", err)
+		return
+	}
+	if u == nil {
+		ctx.Redirect(setting.AppSubURL + "/user/settings/account")
+		return
+	}
 
-		log.Trace("Email activated: %s", email.Email)
-		ctx.Flash.Success(ctx.Tr("settings.add_email_success"))
+	email, err := user_model.GetEmailAddressOfUser(ctx, emailStr, u.ID)
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ServerError("GetEmailAddressOfUser", err)
+		return
+	}
 
-		if u, err := user_model.GetUserByID(ctx, email.UID); err != nil {
-			log.Warn("GetUserByID: %d", email.UID)
-		} else {
-			// Allow user to validate more emails
-			_ = ctx.Cache.Delete("MailResendLimit_" + u.LowerName)
-		}
+	if err := user_model.ActivateEmail(ctx, email); err != nil {
+		ctx.ServerError("ActivateEmail", err)
+		return
 	}
 
+	log.Trace("Email activated: %s", email.Email)
+	ctx.Flash.Success(ctx.Tr("settings.add_email_success"))
+
+	// Allow user to validate more emails
+	_ = ctx.Cache.Delete("MailResendLimit_" + u.LowerName)
+
 	// FIXME: e-mail verification does not require the user to be logged in,
 	// so this could be redirecting to the login page.
 	// Should users be logged in automatically here? (consider 2FA requirements, etc.)
diff --git a/routers/web/auth/password.go b/routers/web/auth/password.go
index d25bd682e2..363c01c6a8 100644
--- a/routers/web/auth/password.go
+++ b/routers/web/auth/password.go
@@ -86,7 +86,10 @@ func ForgotPasswdPost(ctx *context.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
-	mailer.SendResetPasswordMail(u)
+	if err := mailer.SendResetPasswordMail(ctx, u); err != nil {
+		ctx.ServerError("SendResetPasswordMail", err)
+		return
+	}
 
 	if err = ctx.Cache.Put("MailResendLimit_"+u.LowerName, u.LowerName, 180); err != nil {
 		log.Error("Set cache(MailResendLimit) fail: %v", err)
@@ -97,7 +100,7 @@ func ForgotPasswdPost(ctx *context.Context) {
 	ctx.HTML(http.StatusOK, tplForgotPassword)
 }
 
-func commonResetPassword(ctx *context.Context) (*user_model.User, *auth.TwoFactor) {
+func commonResetPassword(ctx *context.Context, shouldDeleteToken bool) (*user_model.User, *auth.TwoFactor) {
 	code := ctx.FormString("code")
 
 	ctx.Data["Title"] = ctx.Tr("auth.reset_password")
@@ -113,7 +116,12 @@ func commonResetPassword(ctx *context.Context) (*user_model.User, *auth.TwoFacto
 	}
 
 	// Fail early, don't frustrate the user
-	u := user_model.VerifyUserActiveCode(ctx, code)
+	u, err := user_model.VerifyUserAuthorizationToken(ctx, code, auth.PasswordReset, shouldDeleteToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		ctx.ServerError("VerifyUserAuthorizationToken", err)
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
 	if u == nil {
 		ctx.Flash.Error(ctx.Tr("auth.invalid_code_forgot_password", fmt.Sprintf("%s/user/forgot_password", setting.AppSubURL)), true)
 		return nil, nil
@@ -145,7 +153,7 @@ func commonResetPassword(ctx *context.Context) (*user_model.User, *auth.TwoFacto
 func ResetPasswd(ctx *context.Context) {
 	ctx.Data["IsResetForm"] = true
 
-	commonResetPassword(ctx)
+	commonResetPassword(ctx, false)
 	if ctx.Written() {
 		return
 	}
@@ -155,7 +163,7 @@ func ResetPasswd(ctx *context.Context) {
 
 // ResetPasswdPost response from account recovery request
 func ResetPasswdPost(ctx *context.Context) {
-	u, twofa := commonResetPassword(ctx)
+	u, twofa := commonResetPassword(ctx, true)
 	if ctx.Written() {
 		return
 	}
diff --git a/routers/web/user/setting/account.go b/routers/web/user/setting/account.go
index 7e4d45e991..6f40e39c8d 100644
--- a/routers/web/user/setting/account.go
+++ b/routers/web/user/setting/account.go
@@ -155,9 +155,15 @@ func EmailPost(ctx *context.Context) {
 				return
 			}
 			// Only fired when the primary email is inactive (Wrong state)
-			mailer.SendActivateAccountMail(ctx.Locale, ctx.Doer)
+			if err := mailer.SendActivateAccountMail(ctx, ctx.Doer); err != nil {
+				ctx.ServerError("SendActivateAccountMail", err)
+				return
+			}
 		} else {
-			mailer.SendActivateEmailMail(ctx.Doer, email.Email)
+			if err := mailer.SendActivateEmailMail(ctx, ctx.Doer, email.Email); err != nil {
+				ctx.ServerError("SendActivateEmailMail", err)
+				return
+			}
 		}
 		address = email.Email
 
@@ -218,7 +224,10 @@ func EmailPost(ctx *context.Context) {
 
 	// Send confirmation email
 	if setting.Service.RegisterEmailConfirm {
-		mailer.SendActivateEmailMail(ctx.Doer, form.Email)
+		if err := mailer.SendActivateEmailMail(ctx, ctx.Doer, form.Email); err != nil {
+			ctx.ServerError("SendActivateEmailMail", err)
+			return
+		}
 		if err := ctx.Cache.Put("MailResendLimit_"+ctx.Doer.LowerName, ctx.Doer.LowerName, 180); err != nil {
 			log.Error("Set cache(MailResendLimit) fail: %v", err)
 		}